Measurement Tools

Measurement Tools

1. Static equipment

   • Anthropometer
   • Stadiometer
   • Infantometer
   • Sitting height table
   • 3D body scanner
   • Callipers
   • Tape measure
   • Scales

2. Dynamic equipment

   • Reach range rigs
   • CODA
   • Digital video
   • Goniometers (ROM)
   • CAD packages

3. Body composition

   • Body mass index (BMI)
     • Overestimates body fat in muscular people
     • Doesn't adjust for age
     • Doesn't adjust for race
     • Underestimates body fat in people who have lost muscle mass
   • Waist-hip ratio
   • Bioelectrical impedance analysis
   • Skinfold measurements
   • Air displacement plethysmograph

4. Possible errors

   • System errors
     • Mis-calibration
     • Instruments not zero'd
     • Rigid standardisation postures
     • Somatotypes
       • Endomorphy
       • Mesomorphy
       • Ectomorphy
   • Human errors