Matter

Matter

1. Properties

   • General properties
     • All substances have got them
     • MASS
       • The amount of mattter that a body has
       • It is measured in kilogrammes or grammes
     • Volume
       • space that matter ocuppies
       • It is measured in cm3 and litres
   • Specific properties
     • It depnds substances have got this propertie
     • Density
       • the amount of matter that fits into a certain volume
       • meaasured in grammes per cubic
     • Harddness
       • resistance to an object of being scratched
     • Tenacity
       • opposition to beaking o deforming
     • Transparency
       • ability to allow light pass through it
     • inpemeability
       • ability to prevent water entering through it
     • lightness
       • the ease with which a body can be filtered
     • thermal or electric insulation
       • ability to prevent hot or electricity passing through it
     • thermal or electric conductivity
       • ability to conduct heat or electricity
     • colour and flavour
       • they can be detected by the senses

2. ESTATES OF MATTER

   • solid
     • the matter has a defined volume and shape, that is, they do not usually vary. However, sometimes the shape can be moulded, as is the case with plasticine.
   • liquid
     • the matter has a defined volume and a variable shape. Liquids adapt to the shape of the container they are in.
   • gaseous
     • the matter has a variable volume and shape. Gases adapt both according to the shape and volume of containers. The larger the container, the greater volume of the gas.
   • Changing states
     • Melting point
       • solid to a liquidj
     • Boiling point
       • liquid to a gas.
     • Solidification
       • liquid state to a solid state
     • Melting
       • solid state to a liquid state
     • Vaporisation
       • solid state to a liquid state
     • Condensation
       • gaseous state to a liquid state

3. Substances

   • Matter togheter form substances
   • there are two types of substances depending on the elements they are formed
   • pure substances
     • made up of one single element
     • cannot be separated into different components
   • mixture
     • made up of two or more elements
     • homogenous mixture
       • different components cannot be distinguished by the naked eye
     • heterogeneous mixture
       • its different components can be seen
       • Separing substances
         • The components can be separed by different process
         • Distilation
         • Evaporation
         • Filtration
         • Decantation
         • Magnetic separation

4. Chemical Changes

   • Chemical changes or chemical reactions are processes that change the nature of substances and convert them into others
   • Fermentation
     • chemical reaction that converts certain organic substances into others, thanks to the action of a specific type of yeast, bacteria or fungus.
   • Combustion
     • chemical reaction that makes a substance burn by rapid oxidation
   • Oxidation
     • Chemical changes or chemical reactions are processes that change the nature of substances and convert them into others
   • On living organisms
     • Living organisms obtain the energy they need to carry out their vital functions thanks to chemical reactions.

5. Materials

   • They can be man-made or natural
   • Man-made
     • Glass
     • Alloys
     • Paper and cardboard
     • Plastic
   • Natural
     • From nature
       • Animal products
         • Animal skin
         • Wool
         • Leather
         • Silk
       • Mineral products
         • Petroleum (oil)
       • Plant products
         • Cotton
         • Cellulose
         • Wood

6. Definition

   • everything that can be touched o has a place in the universe is made up of material are composed of matter
   • Some examples are rocks, the sun, etc..
   • The matter is made up of atoms
     • Atoms are the smallest unit of chemical chest. They have a nucleus and particles around it

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