Migration 7.2 + 7.3

Migration 7.2 + 7.3

1. New Host and Source

   • Inter-Regional
     • Highly skilled migrants from China now going to USA
     • India and Egypt meeting demands for oil in high wages
   • Intra-Regional
     • Rapid increase in international migrant stock., with low skilled migrants looking for work
     • increased migration streams for wages and labour in "southern cone".
     • Return migrations to EU for economic goals
   • Internal
     • internal migrations in EDC like China for rural to urban migration
   • Economies more interdependant and complex.

2. Workers

   • Young
     • employment and economic gains. largest group is 25-39. low skilled males to work in construction
   • Female
     • increase in women migrants, now exceed men in Africa. Due to changes in women status. Looking for jobs as highly skilled and women rights

3. South-South and South-North

   • South - South out number South-North
   • Historically its poor to rich. Now its south-south due to global economies becoming more connected
   • Labour migration, 2/3 of remittances sent between coutries in South
   • increase in refugees fleeing their country
   • why? restrictive barriers to enter north, fast growing south economices, increase awareness in south and smaller costs to move
   • Examples : Burkina faso to Ivory coast. Myanmar to Thailand

4. Conflict and perseucution Increase

   • refugee- moved out of country due to fear.
   • Refugees rised from 15.7m to 19 . 5 m
   • Syria was largest source
   • Asylum seeker entering a country for refugee
   • people moved small distance to neighbouring counties
   • Other move farther with traffickers
   • reasons : conflict, political, economic hardship and natural hazards

5. National Policies

   • Emigration - Pakistan
     • 45% of population is young
     • Pro-emmigration
     • Finance from remittance for GDP
     • promote emigration and safe guard migrants
     • training, female promotion, economic remittances,, man power, support
   • Immigration - Canada
     • address skill gap in labour market
     • long term need
     • migrants ranked which lets high skilled migrants to fast track
     • Canadian citizens first
     • Employer can make offers before entering country
   • Methods: point based, open door and skill level
   • Governments can target certain people to migrate

6. Development of corridors

   • migrant flows between two countries
   • number, composition and direction are important charateristics
   • large and long standings and some are small and new
   • influence factors: cost, ease, efficency, employment, diaspora, conflict, policy and cultural
   • countries more intergrated and interdependant, but are more complex
   • brought benefits but some are excluded and experience inequalities eg Brazil Locals vs tourist

7. Case Studies

   • Brazil USA, Laos