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1. why

   • amercian revolution
     • away form GB
   • Articles of confederation
     • power of things
       • states have more power
       • National government with a congress= make peace
       • Each state has ultimate authority to govern within its territories
       • One vote for each state
       • Unanimous vote for any amendment
       • Selection of delegates to congress by the states
     • problems
       • Difficult to agree on any policy
       • No power to tax
       • Trade between states=chaotic
       • Continental dollar= low value
       • Could not regulate commerce among states or foreign nations
       • No strong central gov
   • Rebellion in the states
     • Outraged by laws= rebel(shay)--> fail of congress to get an army

2. selection of the president

   • 4 Years
   • Electoral college→ system for selecting the executive = have lector equal to the number of HoR and senate
   • Impeachment → HOR investigating and charging a pres/vice = majority vote, Senate - trying the pres/vice(⅔)

3. compromise

   • VA and NJ plans
     • VA
       • derives its powers from the people not states
       • Powerful central government(3 branches), two house legislature one directly by the people
       • other nominated by state legislatures, leg= select executive and the judiciary, executive execute the laws
     • NJ
       • liked the articles of confederation
         • Strengthening AoC, one house leg(one vote per state), congress= raise revenue from duties/postal service, executive branch, supreme court(life)
     • GREAT COMPROMISE
       • State representation in congress(bicameral)→ house of representatives(originate all bill)= pop., senate= equal vote
   • 3/5
     • Determining population for representation in the US HoR

4. basic principles

   • Federalism
     • Strong nation gov→ dividing of power between the states and nation and derived power from the citizens
   • Separation of powers
     • dividing powers between three branches of gov
       • Legislative, executive, judicial Separately staffed branches Constitutional equality

5. Structure of the constitution

   • Article I = the legislative branch
     • Bicameral legislature = senate and house of representatives
     • Sets qualifications for holding house, term, methods of selection
     • Necessary and proper clause= basis for the implied powers that congress uses
   • Article II = the executive branch
     • Execute the laws of the nation→ president of the US
     • Term = 4 and electoral college
     • Qualifications for office, replace laws, natural born citizen
     • Commander in chief of armed forces. Authority to make treaties with the HoR and the senate
     • Inherent powers = inferred from the constitution
   • Article III = the judicial branch
     • Est supreme court and defines jurisdiction → power to settle disputes between state and state and nation v state
     • Lower nation court
     • Federal courts system = decide cause under federal law and us constitution
   • Articles IV -VII
     • States honor the laws and judicial proceeding of other states and admitting new states to the union
     • How amendment can be added to the constitution
       • bill of rights
     • Supremacy clause → nation law over state laws and constitutions

6. arguments for and against ratification of the constitution

   • for
     • State politicians→ feared a strong central government
     • Federalist
       • favored strong national government
     • Federalist papers
       • 85 essays - tells the framers intentions as they drafted the new constitution
       • Highlight the reasons for the new government structure and its benefits
   • against
     • Working class → feared a distant nation government
     • anti-federalist
       • wanted to protect state government from the tyranny of a too power government
       • series of letters- critiques the constitution, strong gov render the states powerless, stressed the strengths of the AoC, tax heavily, too much power among all branches