BASIC CPR

BASIC CPR

1. CPR

   • Emergency procedure to save lives that is used when the person has a CPA
     • Can maintain the flow of oxygenated blood to the brain and other vital organs until a more definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart rhythm

2. CPA

   • Is the cessation of cardiac and respiratory functions, when the body cells and tissues stop receiving the oxygen and nutrients needed to sustain life.

3. TIPS FROM THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION

   • Lack of trainning
     • If you do not have CPR training, just practice cardiopulmonary resuscitation with your hands
       • do chest compressions without interruption from 100 to 120 per minute until the lifeguards arrive
         • It is not necessary to provide rescue breathing
   • Training and preparation
     • Check if the person has a pulse and breathes
       • If the person does not breathe or has no pulse in 10 seconds, start the chest compressions
         • 30 chest compressions before giving two rescue breaths
   • Training, but lack of practice
     • Just do chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute

4. STEPS TO FOLLOW

   • 1. Evaluation and security of the scene
     • Ensure that the situation is safe for you and the victim
       • Stay away from avenues, landslides, fires or any other place of risk
   • 2. Activate emergency response system
     • Take the patient from the shoulders and move him or her vigorously ask
       • Are you ok?
       • Do you listen me?
       • Can you listen me?
       • If the person does not answer
         • call emergency numbers requesting an ambulance
         • Check if the victim does not breathe or does so with abnormality (gasping / agonal breathing) and if there is no pulse <10 seconds Start CPR
   • CPR
     • Ventilations
       • Respiratory tract
         • Open the airway
           • Front-chin maneuver
             • head extension + chin lift = sniff position
           • Mandibular subluxation
             • mandibular traction
               • two rescuers are needed, one for mandibular traction and the other for administering ventilations
               • Use only in case the victim suffers a cervical or cranial injury.
       • Breaths
         • Rescue breathing can be mouth to mouth or mouth to nose if the mouth is severely injured or if it can not be opened
         • 1. Close the nostrils with your fingers to do mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with your own, sealing it completely
           • 2. The first rescue breathing - a second of duration
             • see if the chest rises
               • If it actually rises, provide the second breath
               • f the chest does not rise, open the airway correctly, and then provide the second breath
             • 3. Resume chest compressions to restore circulation
               • 4. Continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation until you notice signs of movement or until emergency medical personnel take control
     • Chest compressions
       • Restores blood circulation
       • 1. Place the victim in a flat and firm surface in dorsal decubitus
         • 2. Stand aside from the victim place the tenar and hypothenar region of one hand over the center of the victim's orax in the lower half of the sternum
           • 3. Place the other hand on top of the first, place the firm arms well extended, and place the shoulders directly on the hands to form a 90 degree angle
             • Compress firm and fast
               • sink the thorax at least 5 cm maximum 6 cm with each compression
               • Apply pressure in a straight line on the sternum of the victim
               • Minimum frequency 100-120 compressions per minute
               • Allow full expansion of the thorax

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