Intelligence Testing

Intelligence Testing

1. Alferd Binet and Theodore Simons. Created the first IQ test

   • Binet-Simon scales, were able to specify what level of perforamcen should be expected of the average child at any given age
     • Modified the IQ test for adults, could test for WW1 soldiers, immigrants or even for employment reasons

2. Terman Stanford

   • Developed the WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)
     • Performance and Verbal subtests - {Putting words into sentences and knowing what the word means
   • Problem with these IQ Tests is that they don't tell us other forms of intelligence, Meanings have changed over time, or their emotional maturity.

3. Charles Spearman

   • A single factor solution - G for general intelligence
     • How well a person does on a test will not only tell us their specific ability but also the general ability
       • How smart a person is is more dependant on their General intelligence than on specific abilities

4. Cattell and Horn

   • Subdivided the G futehr into Fluid and Crystalised intelligence
     • Fluid - Does not rely n previous knowledge and is the ability to adapt and solve novel problems, this usually declines with age
     • Crystallised - Is the ability to use previous learning and experience to deal with similar situations, so using a knowledge built up in that are, This form of intelligence does not usually decline with age
     • It may be useful to divide different aspects of performance in understanding nature of intelligence

5. Carrolls 3-Stratum model

   • 1- General intelligence, 2- Fluid and crystallised intelligence (6 Broad abilities), 3 - 69 specific abilities

6. 4 branch model of EI

   • Perceiving Emotions
   • Facilitating thought with emotions
   • Understanding emotions
   • Managing emotions

7. Howard Gardner- 9 forms of intelligence

   • Linguistic Spatial Musical Logical Intrapersonal Interpersonal Naturalist Existential

8. Robert Stenberg - 3 forms of Intelligence

   • Creative
   • Practical
   • Analytical