IB Chemistry Topic 2

IB Chemistry Topic 2

1. Atoms

   • Subatomic particles
     • Proton, Nuetron, Electron
     • Relative Mass
       • P: 1, N:1, e: 0
       • Ar: Number of protons+number of nuetrons

2. Ions

   • Def: Ions are charged particles that are formed when an atom loses or gains (an) electron(s).

3. Isotope

   • Isotopes are different atoms of the same element with different mass numbers: i.e. different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
   • Natural Abundance
     • % of how often the isotope occur

4. Electron configuration

   • The general rule for filling these energy levels is that the electrons fill them from the lowest energy to the highest (from the nucleus out). The first two energy levels must be completely filled before an electron goes into the next energy level. The third main energy level is, however, only filled to 8 before electrons are put into the fourth main energy level. This scheme works for elements with atomic number up to 20

5. Electromagnetic spectrum

   • Spectrums
     • Emission spectrum
       • Line and continous
         • Line spectrum – only certain frequencies/wavelengths of light present.
         • Continuous spectrum – all frequencies/wavelengths of light present.

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