Dairy Production

Dairy Production

1. Dairy Breeds

   • Holstein Friesian
   • British Friesian
   • Montbeliarde
   • Ayrshire
   • Jersey
   • Kerry Cow
   • Norwegian Red
   • Jersey x Holstein-Friesian

2. Milk Composition

   • Water (87.8%)
   • Protein (3.2%)
   • Butterfat (3-4%)
   • Lactose (4.7%)
   • Minerals (0.8%)
   • Factors affecting milk composition
     • 1. Breed
     • 2. Animal Feed
     • 3. Stage of Lactation
     • 4. Stage of milking and completeness of milking
     • 5. Milking Interval
     • 6. Age
     • 7. Disease

3. Milk Let-down

   • N.B. Hormones -Oxytocin and Prolactin

4. Colostrum

   • Cow produces it for up to 5 days, 2-3L given to calf for 24hours
   • Benefits
   • Comparison of colostrum to normal cow's milk

5. Lactation Curve and Peak Yield

   • A lactation curve plots milk production of a dairy cow over the course of her lactation until she is dried off.
   • To calculate total lactation yield (kg): Lactation yield x 200 (average mgmt)
   • Peak Yield = 6 years, declines thereafter
   • Factors affecting milk yield
     • 2. Age
     • 1. Frequency of milking
     • 3. Drying off
   • Late Lactation: Dry-cow treatment

6. Milk Industry

   • Creamery Milk Production
   • Liquid Milk Production

7. Milk Hygiene

   • Milk Tests (SCC, TBC, Temp, Sediment, Antibiotics, Excess water

8. Experiments

   • Milk Solids
   • Protein test
   • Bacteria test
   • Butterfat content (theory)

9. Milking Parlour

   • Herrringbone parlour
   • Rotary Parlour
   • Milking machine

10. Diseases

    • Mastitis (sub-clinical, summer, clinical)
    • Nutritional Scour
    • Infectious Scour
    • Viral pneumonia
    • Ringworm

11. Husbandry and Management of a Dairy Herd

    • Timelines (spring and autumn calving)
    • Calving
    • Mgmt and Hubandry of newborn calf
    • Weaning
    • Mgmt during lactation
      • Milking off her back
      • Feeding in early lactation
      • Heat detection in mid/late lactation
      • Feeding mid/late lactation

12. Replacement Heifers

    • Selecting replacement heifers
    • Target weights at different stages
    • Bull selection for replacement heifers
    • Economic Breeding Index (EBI)
    • Genomic selection

Images and files in the map