Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware

1. tipe sistem komputer

   • microcomputer
     • personal comp/PC, network comp
       • notebook, laptop, desktop
       • computer terminals
         • device that allows access to computer
         • network terminals/windows terminal
           • depend on network server for windows software
         • intelligent terminals: ATM
       • network computers/NCs
         • pake u/internet&intranet
           • oleh kryw operasional
         • total cost ownershipnya murah (maintenance, upgrade)
     • information appliance
       • personal digital assistant (PDA)
         • touch screen, pen handwrite, access web&email
     • workstation computer
       • heavy math computing& graphic display demand (CAD)
     • network server
       • koordinasi telekomun & resource sharing di LAN, internet
   • midrange system
     • network server, mini computer, web server
     • minicomputer
       • for engineering analysis
       • pengawasan &control proses di pabrik/industri
     • untuk
       • large scale processing
         • data mining, online analytical processing
       • koordinasi komunikasi & atur resource sharing in network
       • manage internet Web site, intranet, extranet
       • sebagai front-end server
         • bantu mainframe comp dlm memproses mgmt telekom&network
   • mainframe system
     • enterprise system, supercomputer, super server
     • large storage capacity, fast, powerful
       • mis: intl banks, airlines
     • sebagai superservers
       • u/large client/server networks & high volume websites of large company
     • untuk
       • u/ analisis seismic data u/prsh minyak
       • simulasi kondisi penerbangan u/bikin aircraft
       • data mining & warehousing
       • e-commerce application
     • supercomputer
       • for engineering, buss app yg butuh high speed computation
       • cth: u/sistem pertahanan militer
       • parallel processing
         • bisa banyak instruksi dlm 1 waktu
       • harga mahal: $5mill

2. computer adl sistem. funginya:

   • input
     • keyboard, mouse, scanner
     • ubah data dalam bentuk elektronik
   • processing
     • CPU
       • komponen utama pemrosesan
   • output
     • video display unit, printer, audio
     • informasi elektonik yg dibuat sistem komputer
       • diubah jadi dapat dimengerti manusia
   • storage
     • primary storage unit/memory
       • secondary: magnetic disk, optical disk drives
     • menyimpan data & instruksi software untuk processing
   • control
     • interpret software instructions and transmit directions that control other component in comp system

3. computer processing speed

   • sekarang: nanoseconds
   • million instructions per second (MIPS)
   • throughput
     • kemampuan lakukan computation/ proses data dlm suatu waktu

4. Peripheral

   • input, output,secondary storage selain CPU
   • perangkat online
     • bisa konek/dikontrol o/CPU
   • input
     • keyboard, mouse, trackball, touchpad
     • speech recognition system
       • digitize, analyze, and classify your speech and its sound patterns.
     • optical scanning
       • read text or graphics and convert them into digital input for your computer
     • smart card
       • microchip di credit/debit card
     • digital camera
   • output
     • video display
       • plasma : TV
       • LCD
     • printed output
       • inkjet printers
         • spray ink onto a page
       • laser printer
   • storage
     • primary
       • semiconductor memory
         • RAM/ Random Access Memory
           • volatile memory
           • read/write memory
         • flash drives'USB
         • ROM/Read Only Memory
           • permanent storage
           • gabisa ditulis ulang, tp bs dibaca
       • cost mahal, kecepatan akses cpt
     • secondary
       • magnetic disk
         • akses cepat, kapasitas bsr
           • floppy disk/disket (jadul)
           • hard disk drives
       • optical disk
         • u/ proses gambar, cepat
         • interactive media applications
         • CD ROM, CD R, CD RW, DVD ROM, DVD RW
       • magnetic tape
         • cost murah, akses lambat, kapasitas besar
         • kaset, cartridges
       • permanen
       • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
         • untuk menandai dan identifikasi objek yg mobile/pindah2
           • barang dagangan toko, paket pos
     • use binary representation of data
       • on = !
       • off = 0
     • kapasitas: KB, MB, GB, TB