INSTRUMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION

INSTRUMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION

1. Overview

   • First Approach
     • Consists of formulating a research hypothesis, and then collecting data in order to validate or disprove the hypothesis.
       • Is acceptable to use research plans, questionnaires or observation instruments.
   • Second Approach
     • The researcher first collects data, then examines this data for insights, and from this formulates a hypothesis.
       • Its more associated with ethnography as a example.

2. Interviews

   • The objective is to obtain information by actually talking to the subjects under study.
   • Can be:
     • Open interviews.
     • Semi open interviews.
     • Semi structured interviews.
     • Structured interviews.
   • Disadvantages
     • time consuming
     • They often introduce subjective.

3. Questionnaires

   • Are printed and used for data collection.
   • Are responded anonymously.
   • Advantages:
     • It can be administered to large groups.
     • Tha data provided tend to be standars.
     • The data collected can be accurate
   • Disadvantages:
     • It can be subjective
     • It may be limited
     • It can be intrusive by the students.

4. Case studies

   • It focuses on one or a few individuals.
   • Nunan
     • Calls hybrid because a whole of data collection techniques can be used.
     • Offer the following typology:
       • Neo-etnographic
       • Evaluative
       • Multi-site
       • Action
     • Advantages to case studies:
       • Is based on reality
       • are generalisable
       • A multiplicity of viewpoints can be represented.
       • It can become a data bank
       • The insights gained can be inmediately put into the practice.

5. Diaries

   • can be anecdotal and subjective.
   • The diary technique is thus very useful for exploring the learning strategies that students may use in different situations.
   • Students receive metacognitive instruction and we as teachers what to know what kind of effects might have on students.

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