SEMANTICS & PRAGMATICS

SEMANTICS & PRAGMATICS

1. PRAGMATICS

   • Deals with
     • aspects of individual usage and context-dependent meaning
   • The study of how we use linguistic knowledge in context
     • such as
       • signs, words and sentences, in actual situations.

2. SEMANTICS

   • Deals with
     • aspects of meaning which do not vary from context to context
   • Study of conventional, linguistic meaning
     • This perspective is adopted when sentence relations are characterized in terms of truth relations
     • consists of
       • relating sentence-objects to other sentence-objects and to the world.
   • Concerned with MEANING

3. DEIXIS

   • Is a word or phrase (such as this, that, these, those, now, then, here) that points to the time, place, or situation in which a speaker is speaking.
     • Deixis is expressed in English by way of personal pronouns, demonstratives, adverbs, and tense.
       • in other words is reference
         • By means of an expression whose interpretation is relative to the extralinguistic context of the utterance
           • the gestures of the speaker
           • the current location in the discourse
           • the time or place of the speaker
           • who is speaking
   • SPATIAL DEIXIS
     • The concept of time and space can be relative depending of the context which the person is,
       • Adverbs of location
         • There/here
         • They pick out places accourding to their proximity to location of the speaker
       • If the speaker moves the interpretation of the adverbs will change
         • Identifying entities this/ these , that/those
       • Extension
         • Demonstratives
           • Described in terms of
             • metaphorical shift the more concrete domain of physical space to the much more abstract concpt of time.
   • PERSON DEIXIS
     • The pronouns of the first (I-my-mine) and second person (you-your-yours) are deictic (reference to the speaking person)
       • grammaticalizes the roles of participant
         • such as
           • the current speaker
           • the addressee
           • other participans
   • SOCIAL DEIXIS
     • This form isused to indicate relative social status and respect to any person as a lady or gentleman.
     • The pronoun systems include information about
       • the social identity and/or status of participants in a conversation
         • In English
         • the codification of the treatment of respects is not grammaticalized non-grammaticalized ways of expressing social distance or respect
           • Mr
             • Mrs
               • Miss

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