Developmental conditions

Developmental conditions

1. Van der Woude syndrome

   • Clefts + pits

2. Lip pits

   • Invaginations at commissures or near midline

3. Fordyce granules

   • Ectopic sebaceous glands
   • In labial or buccal mucosa

4. Leukoedema

   • White / White-gray edematous lesion of buccal mucosa
   • Dissipates when cheek is stretched

5. Lingual thyroid

   • Thyroid tissue mass at midline base of tongue
   • Located along embryonic path of thyroid descent

6. Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

   • Fissured tongue + Granulomatous cheilitis + Facial paralysis

7. Angioma

   • Tumors composed of blood or limph vessels
     • Cherry angioma
       • Red mole
     • Hemangioma
       • Congenital focal proliferation of capillaires
       • Most undergo involution, but persistent lesions are excised
     • Lymphangioma
       • Congenital focal proliferation or lymph vessels
       • Oral lymphangiomas are very rare (purple spots on tongue)
       • Cystic hygroma
         • In de nek
       • Sturge-Weber syndrome
         • Angiomas of leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater) + Skin along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve

8. Exostoses / Tori

   • Excessive cortical bone growth

9. Cysts

   • Thyroglossal duct cyst
     • Midline neck swelling
     • Located along embryonic path of thyroid descent
   • Dermoid Cyst
     • Mass in:
       • Midline floor of mouth if above mylohyoid
       • Upper neck if below mylohyoid
     • Contains adnexal structures like:
       • Sebaceous glands
       • Hair
     • Doughy consistency
   • Branchial cyst
     • Epithelial cyst within lymph node of neck
     • Lateral neck swelling
   • Oral lymphoepithelial cyst
     • Epithelial cyst within lymphoid tissue of oral mucosa
     • Platine and lingual tonsils are common regions
   • Nasopalatine duct cyst
     • Tx: excision
     • Heart-shaped radiolucency in nasopalatine canal
     • Caused by cystification of canal remnants
   • Traumatic bone cyst (Simple bone cyst / Idiopathic bone cavity)
     • Tx: aspirate to diagnosis, just monitor
     • Usually associated with jaw trauma
     • No epithelial lining (dead space) in mandible of teenagers
     • Large radiolucency scalloped around roots (not really a cyst)

10. Stafne bone defect

    • Radiolucency in posterior mandible below mandibular canal
    • Due to lingual concavity of jaw (looks like a cyst, it's normal)

11. Cleft

    • Cleft lip
      • 1/1000
      • Unilateral (80%) - Bilateral (20%)
      • Lack of fusion between medial nasal and maxillary process
    • Cleft palate
      • 1/2000
      • Lack of fusion between palatal shelves

12. Globulomaxillary lesion

    • Clinical term denoting any radiolucency between maxillary canine and lateral incisor
      • No a Dx

13. Tongue

    • Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis / erythema migrans)
      • White annular (ringed) lessions surrounding central red islands that migrate over time
      • Occasionally hurt and burn (no tx)
    • Fissured tongue
      • Folds and furrows of tongue dorsum

Images and files in the map