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Simplified Algae
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Simplified Algae
Connection for presentation: carbon fixation
- C4 mechanism evolution ... & future changes?
- Carbon cycle of the future: primary productivity changes with increasing global warming conditions
- focus on diatoms, coccolithophores, and dinoflagellates
- only have 7 & a half minutes for your presentation -- introduce carbon fixation & current rates [decline of phyto] / potential physical changes in the future / question: how will this impact our future carbon cycle? / how might I look at this [bonus: what are my challenges?]
- >
- only have 7 & a half minutes for your presentation -- introduce carbon fixation & current rates [decline of phyto] / potential physical changes in the future / question: how will this impact our future carbon cycle? / how might I look at this [bonus: what are my challenges?]
- carbon fixation rates
- ^
- Presentation:
- First I'd just like to start by breaking down the carbon cycle a little & putting things into scale; if we look at the carbon cycle globally ...we can see there are many processes and many stores - these being split between land and ocean, with both having connections to the atmosphere.
- Taking a quantitative look at things, we notice right away that the deep ocean and sedimentary rocks are our largest stores. By reading the arrowed numbers given in gigaton per year, we can also see that most of the physical systems are more or less in steady state. Rates are equal across the ocean-atmosphere boundary, between sedimentation and subduction & mostly balanced between the deep oceans and surface water. Biological systems like at the top left, on land, show that respiration gives back about half of the carbon taken up by photosynthesis. Then looking over at the other green box for the relationship between photosynthetic marine processes and the atmosphere, we notice there isn't a direct relationship there. This is because there is a much more complex story at play regarding the cycling of carbon in the ocean.
- We can then zoom in a little farther to look at the Biological Pump within the ocean. Still concerning ourselves with photosynthetic processes, we’re then taking a look at just the photosynthetic algae – the phytoplankton – in this system.
- It is here that I hope to pose my question of potential changes in the exchange of carbon .... under future global warming conditions.
- Which, if we go back, is that nice big red arrow on the far side. When we compare its rate of around 6 Gt/year to the natural background rate of .6, we can get a sense of the impact we've had here.
- Going back to considering the microscopic players within the Carbon Cycle though... we can see they are actually pretty complex little system even themselves --- this image taken from a 2014 paper by Thorton shows all the ways which phytoplankton deliver carbon to their environment.
- We know that aquatic primary productivity accounts for about ¬40% Earth's biomass each year.
- A study in 2010 by Boyce, Lewis and Worm also stated that there may have already been a 40% decrease in phytoplankton since the 1950s - since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
- This is of concern due to the fact that phytoplankton, although small, are the entire basis of the marine interaction web and also provide very strongly to the terrestrial system as well, when you consider the use of marine protein throughout the world.
- The study by Boyce et al. suggests implications due to early industry activities, but it may also be in tow with the fact that __ & __ species have been declining since the __ extinction ... who make up a large percentage of the carbon cycle impact
- In either case, going forward, it is quite certain global warming impacts on these communities is largely due to anthropogenic influences
- possible physical changes to the environment due to global warming
- I mentioned such and such species ... give some stats & further info ... perhaps list off the ten PFT ?
- it is because of this that I would focus on diatoms, coccolithophores, and dinoflagellates but how do you study? What do you study?
- biogeochemical testing .... pros (?) - cons ... way too small scale ... but can be used to better supplement global satellite data
- Satellite data ... pros - to the science, what it has contributed & what it measures ... & cons are it's limitations in predicting global warming events before the year 2044 .... but in the meantime we can improve upon the impediment of satellite technology -- needs an update & a new one sent up
- Can also update the model used .... such as the DGOM & Hydralight?
- but which depends on continued field & laboratory studies
- mesocosms!
- >
- Ryan's giant greenhouse theory!
- mesocosms!
- but which depends on continued field & laboratory studies
- Can also update the model used .... such as the DGOM & Hydralight?
- Satellite data ... pros - to the science, what it has contributed & what it measures ... & cons are it's limitations in predicting global warming events before the year 2044 .... but in the meantime we can improve upon the impediment of satellite technology -- needs an update & a new one sent up
- biogeochemical testing .... pros (?) - cons ... way too small scale ... but can be used to better supplement global satellite data
- it is because of this that I would focus on diatoms, coccolithophores, and dinoflagellates but how do you study? What do you study?
- I mentioned such and such species ... give some stats & further info ... perhaps list off the ten PFT ?
- possible physical changes to the environment due to global warming
- In either case, going forward, it is quite certain global warming impacts on these communities is largely due to anthropogenic influences
- A study in 2010 by Boyce, Lewis and Worm also stated that there may have already been a 40% decrease in phytoplankton since the 1950s - since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
- We know that aquatic primary productivity accounts for about ¬40% Earth's biomass each year.
- Going back to considering the microscopic players within the Carbon Cycle though... we can see they are actually pretty complex little system even themselves --- this image taken from a 2014 paper by Thorton shows all the ways which phytoplankton deliver carbon to their environment.
- Which, if we go back, is that nice big red arrow on the far side. When we compare its rate of around 6 Gt/year to the natural background rate of .6, we can get a sense of the impact we've had here.
- It is here that I hope to pose my question of potential changes in the exchange of carbon .... under future global warming conditions.
- https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/node/692
- We can then zoom in a little farther to look at the Biological Pump within the ocean. Still concerning ourselves with photosynthetic processes, we’re then taking a look at just the photosynthetic algae – the phytoplankton – in this system.
- Taking a quantitative look at things, we notice right away that the deep ocean and sedimentary rocks are our largest stores. By reading the arrowed numbers given in gigaton per year, we can also see that most of the physical systems are more or less in steady state. Rates are equal across the ocean-atmosphere boundary, between sedimentation and subduction & mostly balanced between the deep oceans and surface water. Biological systems like at the top left, on land, show that respiration gives back about half of the carbon taken up by photosynthesis. Then looking over at the other green box for the relationship between photosynthetic marine processes and the atmosphere, we notice there isn't a direct relationship there. This is because there is a much more complex story at play regarding the cycling of carbon in the ocean.
- First I'd just like to start by breaking down the carbon cycle a little & putting things into scale; if we look at the carbon cycle globally ...we can see there are many processes and many stores - these being split between land and ocean, with both having connections to the atmosphere.
- focus on diatoms, coccolithophores, and dinoflagellates
Hypothesis:
- Scientific Method:
- Experimentation
- Satellite Measurements
- ... requires long time series
- ^
- side note?
- ... requires long time series
- Biogeochemical stations
- ... requires long time series
- what project can merge here?
- Both need to be a long-term studies, both should be inclusive of more than one species ...
- field studies: comparing similar occurances - like El Nino & make assumptions on possible changes in community etc.
- how to apply changes to carbon cycle?
- has this been done?
- lab studies: mesocosm with diatoms, dinoflagellates, & cocccolithophores ... [put in a known amount of each & let a mini-world establish - reach a stable state ... ie. the ratio of each doesn't change over a conservative period of time] then subject it to potential changes due to global warming one by one [allowing it to establish & look at ratios of community structure -- could even apply seasonal variation here?] & make an entire community analysis [isotopes, lipids content, genetics etc. "hit all the popular study techniques]
- look at ratio of "atmospheric/ocean" CO2 over time to make a call on how it is changing on a global scale
- could use radioactive tracers to see how carbon partitions itself over time in the system
- Anbar & Knoll, 2002
- what is current C cycle stability?
- not enough rock record to see yet?
- ^
- is there a data set to look up?
- what is current C cycle stability?
- if you can get your mesocosm to show a similar 13C to today ... you could test it against different changes to environment
- look at ratio of "atmospheric/ocean" CO2 over time to make a call on how it is changing on a global scale
- what project can merge here?
- HOTS & BATS
- ... requires long time series
- focus on practical application
- establish a good baseline - look at today - compare it to the baseline - project into future
- Satellite Measurements
- Experimentation
- ?
- Scientific Method:
general introduction to the C cycle and the importance of biological processes in the ocean and on land in determining transfers of carbon between the atmosphere and biosphere and between organic and inorganic pools would have been useful
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- Mind Map on Simplified Algae, created by jennab on 21/02/2015.
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- jennab
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