Grammatical Metalanguage

Grammatical Metalanguage

1. SUBSENTENTIAL LEVEL

   • CRITERIA
     • SEMANTIC
       • what it means that a word is a noun, verb or adjective
     • FUNCTIONAL
       • Defines a part of speech by the grammatical function it plays in a sentence
     • STRUCTURAL
       • Position
       • Adjacent function words
       • Constituents
         • possessive inflections
         • plural inflections
         • minimal unit
         • derivational morphemes
   • PARTS OF SPEECH
     • MAJOR WORD CLASSES
       • nouns
         • TYPES
           • common
             • countable
             • uncountable
           • proper
           • collective
         • FUNCTIONS
           • I.O
           • D.O
           • Object noun predicates
           • Subject noun predicates
           • Appositives
           • Objects of prepositions
           • Vocatives
         • GENDER
           • Only certain English nouns
         • Inflections
           • Plural (s)
           • Possessive ('s)
         • Derivational morphemes
           • -ness
           • -dom
           • -ment
       • verbs
         • INFLECTIONS
           • -s
           • -ed
           • -en
           • -ing
         • TYPES
           • Transitive
           • Ditransitive
           • Linking
           • Intransitive
           • Complex transitive
           • Prepositional
         • TENSES
           • Present
           • Past
           • Future
         • ASPECTS
           • Perfect
           • Progressive
       • adjectives
         • TYPES
           • Attributive
           • Predicative
         • DERIVATIONAL MORPHEMES
           • -ful
           • -able
           • -ish
           • -y
         • Inflections
           • Comparative
           • Superlative
       • adverbs
         • Modify verbs
         • Common types
           • Direction
           • Location
           • Manner
             • Inflection -ly
           • Time
           • Frequency
         • Flexible
           • Initial
           • Mid
           • Final
     • MINOR WORD CLASSES
       • Pronouns
         • Are distinguished by
           • Number
           • Person (1st, 2nd and 3rd)
           • Gender
           • Number and proximity (demonstratives)
         • Refer to or replace nouns and noun phrases within a text
         • There are differerent kinds
           • Subject
           • Object
           • Reflexive
           • Demonstrative
           • Possessive
       • Prepositions
         • Conect words to other parts of a sentence and have a close relationship with the word that follows, usually a noun.
         • Prepositions are usually one word( in, on, from); but they can be two or thee (out of, on top of)
       • Determiners
         • Determiners limit the nouns that follow them
         • If there is an adjective, they precede it, otherwise they directly precede the noun or noun phrase
         • There are various types
           • Articles [the, a(n)]
           • Demonstratives (this, that, these, those)
           • Possessives (my, your, his, hers, ours, theirs)
       • Conjunctions
         • Words that join
         • Coordinating (and, but, or)
         • Subordinating (because, although)
       • Auxiliary verbs

2. SUPRASENTENTIAL LEVEL

   • Backgrounding and foregrounding
   • Cohesion
     • Reference
     • Ellypsis
     • Substitution
     • Conjuction
     • Lexical cohesion
   • Register
     • Field
     • Mode
     • Tenor
   • Given/New
   • Genre

3. SENTENTIAL LEVEL

   • Sentences
     • Complex
     • Compound
     • Simple
   • Sentence moods
     • Subjunctive
     • Exclamatory
     • Imperative
     • Interrogative
     • Declarative
   • Theme/Rheme
   • Markedness
   • Voice
     • Active
     • Passive

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