Reported Speech

Reported Speech

1. Used to report a phrase that other person said without using the same words

2. Reported Orders

   • Subject + Verb + Object + To + Infinitive
     • “Be careful“, she told him. She told him to be careful.
     • In negative add not before to: “Don’t say it again“, he said. He told us not to say it again.

3. Formal language: Use "that" Informal language: Omit "that" Example: She said (that) I could take the car today.

4. Reported Requests

   • Subject + Ask + Objects + To + Infinitive
     • “Can you help me?”, the girl asked. The girl asked me to help her.

5. Reported Advice

   • Use the verb suggest Subject + Suggest + Gerund
     • “Let’s go by bus”, he said. He suggested going by bus.
   • Subject + Suggest that + Present Subjunctive
     • “Let’s go by bus”, he said. He suggested that we go by bus.
   • BUT: “You should go by bus" I suggested that he go by bus. NOT: I suggested that he goes by bus.

6. Reported Questions

   • Verb + Subjective (direct question) Subjective + Verb (reported question)
     • “Where is the youth center?“, she asked. She asked (me) where the youth center was.
       • NOT: she asked me where was the youth center.
   • If use who, why, when, or any other question word repeat the question word
     • “Why did you skip school?“, he asked. He asked him why he had skipped school.
   • If is a yes/no question without questions words, e use if or whether
     • “Are you in touble?“, he asked her. He asked her if/wheter she was in trouble.

7. Common reporting verbs

   • Verb + That: Add, admit, agree, announce, explain, inist, recall, replay, ... Ex: He added that he was sorry.
   • Verb + Object + To + Infinitive: Advice, ask, invite, order, tell, ... Ex: She advised me to call the police.
   • Verb + To + Infinitive: Agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse, ... Ex: She agreed to help me.
   • Verb + Gerund: Apologize for, deny, regret, suggest, ... Ex: He apologized for being rude.

8. Word Changes

   • Pronouns usually change:
     • “I can do it for you”, he said. He said that he could do it for me.
     • “Sorry, we’ve already sold it to her”, the saleman said me. The saleman said that they had already sold it to a girl who was next to me.
   • Possessive adjects usually changes:
     • “You’re my favorite theacher“, she said. She said that I was her favorite teacher.

9. Tense Changes

   • Direct speech ≠ Reported speech
     • Simple Present (I wait) > Simple Past (I waited) Present
       • Continous (I am waiting) > Past Continuous (I was waiting)
         • Present Perfect (I have waited) __ Simple Past (I waited) __ Past Perfect (I had waited) > Past Perfect (I had waited)
           • Will (I will wait > Would (I would wait)
             • Can (I can wait) > Could (I could wait)
               • Must (I must wait) > Had to (I had to wait)

10. Bruna Soares - 4 / Luana Queiróz Soares - 24 3º JB