Retrieval and Forgetting

Retrieval and Forgetting

1. Retrieval Cues

   • Framing
   • Identity Cues
   • Associate Cues
   • Spreading Activation
     • Flashbulb Memories
       • Misinformation Effect
       • Suggestion Effect
     • Constructing New Memories
       • False Memories
       • Source Monitoring
       • Self Monitoring

2. Decay

   • Relearn Faster

3. Failure to Retrieve

   • Infantile Amnesia
     • Brain Not Fully Developed
     • Talking Enhances Memories
     • Implicit Knowledge
   • Failure to Store or Consolidate
   • Prospective Memory
   • Error in Construction

4. Interference

5. Repression

6. Classroom Implications

   • Teaching Retrieval Cues
   • Internal Organization Facilitates Retrieval
   • Present Retrieval Affects Future Retrieval
   • Questions About Previously Learned Material Promotes Review and Elaboration
   • Information that must be retrieved in a particular context should be stored in that context. (Relevancy)
   • Taxonomies of Objectives are useful to show students which way they may be asked to think about and apply what they have learned
   • Retrieval Can Take Time, Wait Time