Separation Techniques

Separation Techniques

1. Solid-solid

   • Magnetic attraction
     • Magnetic from non-magnetic
     • eg.iron,nickel,steel,cobalt
     • use of magnet
   • dissolution
     • steps
       • 1.add water
         • 2.filtrate
           • 3.crystalize
     • eg.sand+sugar

2. Suspension

   • filtration
     • liquid from mixture
     • collect:filtrate
       • left:residue
     • steps
       • 1.line filter funnel filter paper
         • 2.put conical flask
           • 3.pour mixture
     • eg.water+sand

3. Solution

   • Evaporation
     • solute from solution
     • turns liquid into vapour
     • steps
       • 1.fill evaporating dish with mixture
         • 2.place tripodwith wire gauze overbunser burner
           • 3.heat mixture
   • crystalization
     • solute unstable to heat
     • steps
       • 1.heat mixture most solvent gone
         • 2.obtain saturated solution
           • 3.cool the hot saturation solution
             • 4.filter then wash with cold little distilled water
   • distillation
     • liquid from solution
     • steps
       • 1.boil mixture
         • 2.steam rises enter sidearm
           • 3.steam cooled codenses
             • 4.drips into flask called distillate
     • themometer:used to measure temperature to check on the purityof the distillate
       • cold water bottom:ensure efficiency of cooling and condensation of vapour
   • fractional distilliation
     • liquid-liquid
     • allows the water vapour with lower boiling point distill first
   • chromotography
     • works substances in ink move at different rates
     • faster if reach edge first
     • steps
       • 1.draw line filter paper with pencil
         • 2.place inks starting line
           • 3.place filter paper solvent
             • note:palce solvent before solvent so ink not dissolve in solvent
             • 4.compare results
         • note:pencil will not dissolve and follow solvent

Images and files in the map