Fluids

Fluids

1. Matter

   • All matter is made up of very tiny particles
     • All particles in a pure substance are the same but different from another substance.
   • There is space between the particles
   • The particles are always moving. They move faster if they gain energy
   • There are attractive forces between the particles. Some strong; some weak

2. Since liquids and gases do NOT have a definite shape they are able to flow making them fluids.

3. Food fluids (water, oil, maple syrup, honey)

4. Cleaning fluids and creams

5. Bodily fluids

6. Industrial fluids (compressed air in tires, lubricants, etc)

7. Viscoity

   • A measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow
   • The thickness or thinness of a fluid
   • A fluid that is viscous is the one that is NOT “runny” (flows slowly)
   • Friction
     • Friction resists movement
     • The greater the friction, the greater the viscosity
     • The particles are holding on tightly to each other
   • Flow rate
     • The speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another.
   • As you increase temperature, you decrease a fluid’s viscosity. As you decrease temperature, you increase a fluid’s viscosity
   • Concentration
     • The amount of a substance dissolved in a specific volume
     • Increasing the concentration, increases the viscosity
   • Attractive forces
     • If the attractive forces are strong, it is difficult for the particles to pull away thereby the fluid flows slowly and is more viscous
   • Particle size
     • The smaller the particle size, the faster the fluid flows and is less viscous

8. Density

   • Mass
     • We can measure mass by using a balance or a digital scale.
   • Volume
     • Volume is a measurement of the amount of space occupied by the substance.

9. Buoyancy

   • Buoyant force, or buoyancy, is the upward force on objects submerged in or floating on fluids
   • A buoyant force pushes away from the centre of earth

10. Archimedes Principle

    • This principle explains why some objects float in water and others sink.

11. Forces

    • A force is anything that causes a change in the motion of an object. It can be a push or a pull.
    • forces may push or pull objects in any direction ( up, down or sideways).

12. Pressure

    • Pressure is the force acting on a certain area of a surface.

13. Hydraulics

    • Hydraulics is the study of pressure in liquids. Devices that transmit applied force through a liquid to move something else are called hydraulic systems.

14. Pneumatics

    • Just like other fluids, air exerts pressure on everything that surrounds it. The study of pressure in gases is called pneumatics.

15. Pascal's law

    • Pascal?s law states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted with equal force throughout the entire container.