Roots/On The Move

Roots/On The Move

1. Sources of information

   • Oral histories
   • Parish registries
   • Letters, diaries
   • Birth certificates, hospital records
   • Census data (has both social and economic)

2. Why census data may be inaccurate

   • Vanity reasons
   • 2004 migration, census in 2001
   • People may lie

3. Why so much post colonial migration

   • Indian doctors for the NHS
   • Shortages after WW2
   • Jamaican London Underground recruitment
   • Ugandan Asian expulsion-sought asylum
   • English language shared-lack of intervening obstacle
   • Lack of restriction, sense of responsibility, commonwealth encouraged

4. Why countries moved to the UK in 2004

   • UK did not put a limit on
   • Joining enclaves
   • High wages up to 5x higher
   • Known for tolerance
   • Many A8 countries could already speak english
   • Labour shortage for instance dentists
   • Bright lights effect-London a global hub

5. Polish Migration to UK

   • SOURCE
     • Remittances £6.4 billion leads to multiplier effect
     • Skills learnt can be brought home
     • Shortage of skilled workers in Poland, 7 in 1000 Poles of working age moved
     • 50% increase in divorce rate
     • Exploititive conditions, overcrowding and minimum wage
     • Money wasted on training doctors
     • Unemployment eased
   • HOST
     • FIlling gaps in Labour market e.g. Fish processing in the Highlands
     • Relieved UK's ageing population because of influx of working age migrants who pay taxes that go to healthcare and pension costs
     • Increase in cultural diversity, Polish food and language being taught in schools
     • Xenophobia and social tensions
     • Strain on housing, healthcare and education
     • Benefit tourism
   • Reasons
     • Free healthcare
       • NHS spent £350 million on foreign born mothers
     • High unemployment rate, 1 in 5 unemployed in 2004
     • Shortage of housing, 300 dwellings per 1000 people
   • 1mn moved, 350,000 returned

6. Sunset Migration

   • Push
     • Antipathy to the UK
     • High cost of living
     • Crime and youth culture perceived as threatening
     • Congestion, lack of space and poor environmental quality
   • Pull
     • Climate, health benefits
     • Lower living costs
     • Cheap flights back home
     • Lower crime rates
   • SOURCE
     • Relieves pressure on health and welfare systems
     • Balances Britain's top heavy population structure
     • Loss of the 'grey pound'
     • Less care alternatives and lose out on education opportunities
     • Family breakup
   • HOST
     • Inflated local property rises, rising healthcare costs
     • Loss of greefield land, water shortages
     • Xenophobia and anglicisation of local culture
     • Increased economy, 135,000 houses bought for £4 mn
     • Grey pound increases leisurely spending
   • 750,000 Brits live in Spain, 60% economically inactive

7. Ageing population

   • Consequences
     • Social
       • Housing shortages and overcrowding
       • Impact on healthcare, more complex terminal diseases associated with old health that are more expensive, by 2026 cost to the NHS £30 billion
       • Can look after kids while parents at work
       • Law abiding
       • Boots-see it as opportunity to drive up profts
       • Increase in voluntary work
     • Economic
       • Inflation, house prices trebled from 1995-2005
       • Subsidised housing costs will increase
       • Older people owning homes can borrow money from banks relieving pressure on the healthcare system
       • Benefits of the grey pound, on leisure and tourism and mobility machines, contribute £250 mn
       • By 2030 only 56% of Brits to support 27% pensioners
   • East Devon
     • Dependency ratio 53.8%
     • Areas of UK with old people are unattractive to young people
     • Care homes
     • CCTV security
     • Bus system, although hard as population is dispersed

8. Factors affecting UK population

   • External
     • Birth rate
       • Global recession e.g. wall street crash
       • Rising energy costs, 400% rise in oil prices in 1973
     • Life expectancy
       • Globalised medicine
       • Health tourism
       • Dangerous jobs migrated overseas
     • Ethnicity
       • EU
     • Changing work and status
       • Loss of manufacturing to overseas
       • Asian tigers
   • Internal
     • Birth rate
       • Secularisation
       • Improving status of women, suffragette movement in early 20th century
       • Consumerism, cost £150,000 to have a child
       • Legalisation of abortion 1967
       • Increase in contracepion
       • Baby boom
     • Life expectancy
       • Improved diet
       • NHS in 1948
       • Better hygiene and food supply
       • Public smoking ban 2007
     • Ethncity
       • Post WW2 commonwealth recruitment
     • Changing work and status
       • Increased A level uptake
       • Expansion of universities
       • Jobs for men and women

9. Basics

   • Population
     • 1901: 38 million
     • 1971: 55 million
     • 2007: 61 million
   • Household sizes
     • 1901: 4
     • Today: 2
   • Structure
     • Over 65
       • 1931: 7%
       • Today: 16%
     • Under 16
       • 1931: 24%
       • Today: 19%
     • LE (women)
       • 1901: 57
       • Today: 82