Institution Aggression old plan

Institution Aggression old plan

1. Importation Model

   • Institutions refers to "violent behaviour" that occurs in institutions, such as schools, prisons & offices.
     • The *Importation Model* claim that "prisoners bring their own violent CHARACTERISTICS & TRAITS with them into the prison", meaning that they are NOT 'BLANK SLATES' when they enter the institution.
       • It states that people who are aggressive outside of the prison will be more aggressive in the prison.
         • Therefore, the Importation Model argues that it is NOT the situational pressures that causes aggression, but rather the PERSONALITIES of the individuals.
   • A02:
     • (Harer et al) found research to support the Importation Model.
       • They found that in US prisons, black inmates had higher rates of violent behaviour, but that white inmates had higher rates of alcohol & drug related offence.
         • Thus suggests that these behaviours reflect their cultural norms in which black & white societies hold outside prison settings.
           • Therefore demonstrates that the behaviours had been imported into the prison & thus supports the Importation Model.

2. Deprivation Model

   • The Deprivation Model argues that aggression is the product of *STRESSFUL & OPPRESSIVE CONDITIONS* within the institution.
     • The model suggests that inmates within a prison are "deprived from things" such as: freedom, home comforts & social networks & as a result, the deprivation causes *frustration* which then leads to violent behaviour towards other inmates & staff.
       • This model is an extension of the Frustration aggression hypothesis.
   • A02:
     • (McCorkle et al) found research evidence to support for the Deprivation Model
       • They found that overcrowding, lack of privacy & the lack of meaningful activity all significantly influence peer violence.
         • They argued that it is the way a prison is "managed" which then results to high levels of serious violence.
     • (Jiang et al) found support for both the Deprivation Model & Importation Model as explanations of prison violence.
       • They found that the Deprivation Model was better able to explain "violence against prison staff", whereas the Importation Model was better able to explain "violence against other inmates".

3. IDAs:

   • Real-World Application
     • The Deprivation Model offered Real-World Application, showing that "improving conditions in prisons", has led to reduced aggressive behaviour among inmates.
       • (Wilson) changed deprivation conditions at HMP Woodhill prison, by giving inmates more space, less noise & lower temperatures.
         • He found that levels of aggression on prison staff and inmates decreased dramatically
           • However, he stated that 'we can't have the worst prisoners being given the best things'
   • Gender Bias
     • Research into Institional aggression has often been carried out on prisons or armed forces, which consists of mostly male populations, which can be argued to be Gender Bias.
       • For example, research has found that female prisoners often establish strong bonds with other prisoners.
         • Therefore the explanations for female aggression occuring in prisons may be different to those offered for male prisoners.
           • As a result, this research cannot be generalised to communities where both sexes are mixed or mostly female, such as work places.
   • Deterministic
     • Both models ignore the role of free will. People have the ability for conscious thought in managing their own behaviours.
       • Both models assume that aggression is made likely due to personality & environmental factors. However, this is not always the case.

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