L.A. Final Study Practice (Grade 7)

L.A. Final Study Practice (Grade 7)

1. Short Story Notes

   • Plot Diagram:
     • #1:Exposition, Beginning, Introduction
       • The part of the story where we are given any background information
     • Diagram:
     • #2: Motivating incident, Initial incident
       • The event that happens that sets the story in motion
     • #3: Rising Action
       • The longest part in the story. The part were most of the action takes place
     • #4: Climax
       • The part of the story where the main conflict is resolved. Usually the highest point in action
     • #5: Falling Action
       • The few things that happen after the climax that finish the story
     • #6: Ending , Outcome, Resolution
       • The way the story ends
   • Story elements:
     • Setting
       • Where and when the story takes place. Date, time, weather, social situations ect.
     • Complications
       • Small problems that prevent the main character from achieving their goals
     • Flashback
       • Is where we are taken into the past to an event prior to the story
     • Foreshadowing
       • Is a hint of what is to come in the story
     • Conflict
       • Internal
         • Man vs. Himself- A personal struggle
       • External
         • Man vs. Man- 2 characters in a struggle with each other
         • Man vs. supernatural- a character in a struggle with something non-human
         • Man vs. society- A character in a struggle against society
         • Man vs. Nature- A character in a struggle with an element of nature
     • Characterization
       • Indirect
         • Where we learn about characters from the way they act and the way others act around them
       • Direct
         • We learn about characters from what the author directly says about them
   • Point of veiw
     • Camera/Objective
       • Story is told as if being filmed. We only see and hear what is happening
     • Omniscient
       • Story is told in 3rd person and we know the thoughts of all the characters
     • Limited omniscient
       • Story is told in 3rd person and we know the thoughts of 1 or 2 characters
     • First Person
       • Story is told from a certain characters perspective
         • Observer
           • narrator is observing the action
         • Participant
           • Narrator is participating in the action
   • Characters
     • Static
       • A character that stays the same in a story
     • Dynamic
       • A character that undergoes a change in personality in the story
     • Flat
       • A character that we know little about
     • Round
       • A character we know a great deal about
     • Stock
       • A stereotyped character
   • Irony
     • When we expect something but another happens
   • Theme
     • Is never one word. The authors message in a piece of writing

2. Film studies

   • Camera transitions
     • Cut
       • Is the most common transition where one scene ends and another immediately begins
     • Disslove
       • A gradual transition were the end of one scene is superimposed on the new one
     • Wipe
       • The optical effect that one shot appears to "wipe" the proceding one from the screen
   • Camera movement
     • Pan
       • The camera moves horizontally on a fixed base
     • Tracking (Dolly)
       • The camera moves through space on a wheeled truck (Or dolly) But stays in the same plane
     • Tilt
       • The camera points up or down from a fixed base
     • Zoom
       • Not a camera movement but a shift of the focal length of the camera lens to give the imprestion that the camera is getting closer to or farther away from an object
   • Extra
     • Internal framing
       • A character is framed by a doorway, window, fence, ect. It shows hat they are trapped by something (life and their circumstances family, money,
   • Types of scenes
     • Open space
       • Open space on screen that symbolizes isolation
     • Mise en scene
       • "To place on stage"you see in front of the camera
   • Sound in film
     • Dialoge
       • The spoken words in a film
     • Diegetic sound
       • Sound that has a source in the world of the story such as dialoge spoken by characters, sounds made from objects or music coming from a source grounded in the narrative
     • Non-diegetic sound
       • Sound coming from a source outside the world of the story, usually part of the score or soundtrack
   • Types of shots
     • Long shot
       • A shot taken from a sufficient distance to show a landscape, building, or large crowd
     • Medium shot
       • A shot between a close up and a long shot that may show two people in full figure or several people from the waist up
     • Close up
       • A shot of one face or object that fills the screen completly
     • Extreme close up
       • A shot of a small object or a part of a face
     • Freeze frame
       • Hold the scene for a few seconds "moments that last forever"
   • Camera Angles
     • High angle
       • The camera is looking down on what is being photographed
     • Low angle
       • Shot from below that makes characters seem large, powerful and dominent
     • Eye level
       • Camera view as if being filmed from what the character sees
     • Angle of destiny
       • A high angle in the diagonal corner of the room that marks a key moment or life change for the character
   • Editing
     • Fade in/out
       • One scene gradually goes dark then another scene gradually emerges from the darkness

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