Material & Cultural Deprivation

Material & Cultural Deprivation

1. Cultural

   • Keddie ('73)
     • Cultural deprivation is a 'myth'.
       • Blames the victim - Culturally different, not deprived - The school system fails in recognising & nurturing W/C values
   • Troyna & Williams ('86)
     • Teachers have a 'speech hierarchy'
       • MIDDLE CLASS SPEECH
       • WORKING CLASS SPEECH
       • BLACK SPEECH
   • W/C parents fail to socialise their children to an adequate standard and that makes them 'culturally deprived'.
     • Bereiter & Englemann ('66): W/C use gestures, single word answers & disjointed phrases in speech - underdeveloped skills
       • THE RESTRICTED CODE
         • W/C people with limited vocabulary. Grammatically simple. Descriptive not analytic. Context bound.
         • W/C feel excluded from a young age because they might speak differently - accents e.g. Posh London, common Essex.
       • THE ELABORATED CODE
         • M/C people with a wider vocabulary. Grammatically more complex. Analytic descriptions. Not context bound.
           • Used by teachers/exams/books
   • Statistical correlation: is cannot prove that deprivation is THE cause for underachievement. Other factors such as lifestyle must be considered.
   • 87% of children who do not recieve FSM are all lumped together, even though they range from super-rich to people just above the poverty line

2. Material

   • Poverty & lack of material necessities is a better explanation of why lower social classes underachieve and not values, attitudes and culture.
   • In 2006 33% of children recieving FSM gained 5 or more A*-C grades. 61% of non-FSM pupils achieved the same.
   • OVERCROWDING
   • TEMPORARY ACCOMODATION
   • HEALTH
     • Emotional & behavioural problems occur more in materially deprived students
       • ADHD Levels are higher in lower classes
       • Howard ('01): Poor food & lack of vitamins = Poor immune system
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   • SAFE AREAS TO PLAY
     • THESE ALL AFFECT EDUCATION

3. WORKING CLASS

   • FATALISM:everything happens for a reason.
     • IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION: being rewarded immediately, not thinking of the long term outcome.
     • COLLECTIVISM: giving appreciation to a group not just an indiividual
   • 20% of those eligible for FSM don't use their entitlement because they feel they'll get bullied or be forced into certain social groups

4. OPERATION HEAD START 1960's

   • US Citizens could get: Parenting Classes, Nursery Classes, entitlement to Health Visitors and the role out of Sesame Street
     • UK ROLES OUT SURE START IN 2000