1.1.3 Internal functioning of a computer

1.1.3 Internal functioning of a computer

1. Inside the computer there is the microprocessor Known as the CPU, which is designed to interpret out the basic instructions to make the computer work.

   • In the CPU are 2 areas, the control unit and the Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
   • The performance of the microprocessors depends on the clock speed, the size of the words, the cache memory, the group of instructions, and the techniques of the process.
     • The speed is measured in hertz, which means the number of instructions that are executed in a second.
     • The size of the word refers to the number of bits that a microprocessor can handle at the same time.
   • The microprocessor requires to store all the data, this is what the memory is used for, it is a chip placed on the motherboard
     • The main memories are the RAM memory, the ROM memory and the CMOS memory.

2. Cache memory is high speed, and its found between the RAM memory and the microprocessor, the capability of the cache memory is measured in kilobytes.

   • There are two types of cache, the level 1 which is inside the microprocessor and the level 2 which is in a separate chip.

3. CISC Technology is a group of complex indications that require different clock cycles to be executed.

4. RISC technology is agroup of simple commands that require fewer cycles to be executed

5. The compartment of a desktop computer which is made of metal or plastic, contains circuit cards, storing devices and the power source which is a component of the system that transforms the alternative current (AC) into direct current (DC)

   • Inside the power source there is a fan in charge of cooling down the mother board and other components that holds the main chips and provide connection of these chips to the rest of the hardware

6. RAM memory is a temporary memory that stores programs and data, having a great capacity of RAM memory means to have a faster computer that can store more things.

   • ROM memory stores data and instructions in a permanent way, this memory contains the start up instructions.
     • CMOS memory , it is found in the motherboard and its a writing and reading memory which has a small battery that is charged every time the computer is on.
       • Flash memory, it holds data when the device is not on, it is the most expensive one and it is used in cell phones, tablets and digital cameras.

7. Peripheral devices such as the keyboard, mouse and the monitor are connected through the ports which are connections that send or receive information

   • One common example is the USB due to its compability with the different operating systems and easy handling.

8. Computers have two basic types of bus, one of the system which connects the processor to the memory and the expansion one which allows the communication between the processor and the peripheral devices.

9. The expansion cards contain the ports where the keyboard, mouse, etc. are connected.