Philosophy

Philosophy

1. Start (historical)

   • Systematically developed, there has been philosophy for two thousand five hundred years in the West, in China and in India.
   • The Greek word philosopher (philósophos) was formed in opposition to sophós, lover of knowledge, as opposed to one who, being in possession of knowledge, was called sapient or wise.

2. Origin (source)

   • Plato
     • “It has given us the drive to investigate the universe. Philosophy sprang from here for us, the greatest of the goods bestowed by the gods on the mortal race."
   • Aristotle
     • "It is what drives men to philosophize: starting by marveling at what surprised them as strange, they advanced little by little and wondered about the vicissitudes of the moon and the sun, the stars and the origin of the universe."
     • Started from admiration in search of the essence of being.
   • Stoic Epicycle
     • "The origin of philosophy is the realization of one's own weakness and impotence."
   • Descartes
     • Searched in the midst of the endless series of the uncertain for the imperative certainty.

3. Meaning and value

   • It's that concentration through which man becomes himself, by becoming a participant in reality.
   • Oppositions
     • Ecclesiastical authoritarianism has rejected independent philosophy because it distances itself from God, tempts one to follow the world and spoils the soul with what is basically nothing.
     • Political totalitarianism made this reproach: philosophers have limited themselves to variously interpreting the world, but it is about transforming it.
   • Self-awareness
     • We are always in situations. Situations change, occasions follow one another. If they are not used, they do not come back. We can work to make the situation change

4. Process

   • Origin
     • Doubt
       • Once the astonishment and admiration is satisfied with the knowledge of what exists, doubt is announced.
       • Selflessness
         • Delivered to the knowledge of the objects of the world, practicing doubt as the path to certainty, I live between and for things, without thinking about myself, my goals, my happiness, my salvation. Rather, I am forgetful of myself and content to attain such knowledge.

5. Point of view

   • Positive
     • Extraordinary revelations expected
       • It is viewed with respect
         • It is considered something that interests everyone and therefore must be basically simple and understandable
   • Negative
     • It is indifferently set aside as a thought that has no object
       • It is despised as the superfluous brooding of dreamers
         • It is considered so difficult that it is frustrating to deal with it
   • Either/or

6. Characteristics

   • Its questions are more essential than his answers, and every answer becomes a new question.
   • There is no progressive process
   • There is no unanimity about what is known (it is subjective)
   • It must be justified, but it is impossible to do so.
     • It cannot fight or be tested, but it can be communicated.

7. Science

   • Well-crafted philosophy is undoubtedly linked to the sciences.
     • In matters of philosophy, almost everyone is considered competent
       • While it is admitted that in the sciences they are a condition for understanding the study, in the face of philosophy it is intended to be able to intervene in it and talk about it without further ado.
     • Philosophical thinking has to be original at all times. Each one has to carry it out for themselves.
       • A wonderful sign that man philosophizes as such originally are the questions of children.
     • The original philosophizing occurs in the mentally ill as well as in children.
       • Metaphysical revelations take place at the onset of various mental illnesses.
     • There is no way to escape philosophy.
       • Whoever rejects philosophy, also professes a philosophy, but without being aware of it.
       • The question is only whether it will be conscious or not, whether it will be good or bad, confusing or clear.