Chapter 5: Body Structure

Chapter 5: Body Structure

1. 1- Anatomic Position. Body upright; facing front; arms at side, palms forward y feet parallel.

   • 2- Diretional Terms. ventral (toward or at the front of the body); dorsal (toward or at the back of the body); medial (toward or at the midline of the body); lateral (toward the side of the body); proximal (nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point); distal (farther from the point of attachment or to a given reference point); superior (above, in a higher position); inferior (bellow, in a lower position); cranial (toward the head); caudal (toward the lower end of the spine).
     • 3- Frontal plane. Coronal plane: divides body into anterior, posterior parts. Sagittal plane: divides body into right, left portions. If plane cuts midline, called midsagittal or medial plane. Transverse plane: divides body into superior, inferior parts.
       • 4- Five body cavities: Cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal (abdominopelvic) y pelvic (abdominopelvic).
         • 5- Abdominal regions and quadrants. Regions: right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric y left iliac. Quadrants: right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant y left lower quadrant.

2. 6- Root words and prefixes for body struture

   • Roots for regions of head and trunk: cephal/o (head) = Cephalohematoma (mass of blood under the scalp); cervic/o (neck) = Cervicofacial (pertaining to the neck and face); thorac/o (chest, thorax) = Thoracotomy (incision (-tomy) into the chest); abdomin/o (abdomen) = Abdominopelvic (pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis); celi/o (abdomen) = Celiocentesis (surgical puncture (centesis) of the abdomen).
   • Roots for Extremities: acro (extremity, end) = Acrocyanosis (bluish discoloration of the extremities); brachi/o (arm) = Antebrachium (forearm); dactyl/o (finger) = Dactylospasm (spasmodic contraction of fingers or toes); ped/o (foot) = Pedometer (instrument that measures footsteps); pod/o (foot) = Podiatric (pertaining to study and treatment of the foot).

3. Larissa K. G. Ramalho - 27000.