Hip Joint

Hip Joint

1. Type : Synovial ball & socket

2. Articular surfaces :

   • The hemispherical head of femur articulates with the cup shaped acetabulum of the hip bone
   • The articular surface of the acetabulum is horseshoe in shape & contains the acetabular notch on its inferior aspect
   • A cartilaginous rim ( witch inc. the depth of the acetabular cavity ) called acetabular labrum is attached to the acetabular margin
   • the articular surface are covered with hyaline cartilage

3. Capsule attachment :

   • Hip attached to Acetabula labrum
   • Femur attached to intertrochanteric line ant. & to Med. of the back of the neck post.

4. Ligaments :

   • iliofemoral ligament
     • Strong , Y shaped , prevent hyper ex.
     • Sup. : attached to Ant. Inf. iliac spine
     • Inf. : attached to intertrochantric line of the femur
   • Pubofemoral ligament
     • triangular shape m limit ex. & abd.
     • Sup. : attached to Sup. pubic ramus
     • Inf. : attached to lower part of intertrochanteric line of the femur
   • ischiofemoral ligament
     • Spiral shape , limit ex.
     • attached to ischium & greater trochanter of the femur
   • Trans. acetabular ligament
     • form of acetabular labrum as it cross over the acetabular notch
   • Ligament of the head of femur
     • Flat triangular shape
     • lies inside the joint & surround by synovial membrane
     • base : attached to Trans. ace. ligament & margin of acetabular notch
     • apex : attached to fovea capitis of the head of the femur

5. Synovial membrane

   • it lines capsule & intra-capsular non-articular bony surfaces
   • it freq. forms the psoas burse ( wich protrudes through the capsule & lies beneath the tendon of psoas muscle

6. Nerve supply : Femoral & Obturator & Sciatic nerve & nerve to Quadratus femoris

7. Relations :

   • Ant. :
     • iliopsoas , pectineus , rectus femoris
     • they separate the joint from femoral nerve & vessels
   • Post. :
     • Obturator internus , gemellus sup. & inf. , quadriceps femoris
     • they separate the hip joint from sciatic nerve
   • Sup. :
     • piriformis & gluteus minimus
   • Inf. :
     • Obturator externus