The atmosphere Chapter7

The atmosphere Chapter7

1. Section 1: Air around you

   • Composition of the Atmosphere
     • Nitrogen
       • Is made up of 2 atoms. it makes up three fourths of the air we breathe.
     • Oxygen
       • Oxygen also acts as a gas that helps burn fire.
     • Carbon Dioxide
       • Is the result of burning or the exhale waist when you breathe.
     • Water vapor
       • This is water in gas form. The vapor condenses and makes clouds. if too heavy it rains/snows
     • Particals
       • The air we breathe contains chemicals and smoke.
   • Importance of the atmosphere
     • The atmosphere protects the Earth from radiation.
   • Air quality
     • Sometimes the air is polluted with pollutants.
     • The sorce of pollutants
       • They are volcanoes,forest fires and smoke.
       • Smog and acid rain
         • This is caused by fossil fuels. This is when rain is acidic.
   • Improving air quality
     • One of the ways you can do this is by using electrical cars.

2. Section:2:Air pressure

   • Properties of air.
     • Air has density and pressure.
     • Density
       • This is the volume ofr mass of an object.
     • Pressure
       • Pressure is force pushing down on a object.
   • Measuring Air pressure
     • Mercury Barometers
       • The weight of the mercury means more air pressure.
     • Aneroid barometers
       • When air pressure increase the metal chamber walls close.
     • Units of air pressure
       • When a berometer is 12 inches high its 12 inches air pressure.
   • Altitude and air properties
     • Alltitude and air pressure
       • The increase altitude the decrease pressure
     • Affect density
       • The higher you go the density decreases.

3. Layers of the atmospher

   • The trotosphere
     • This layer is were weather occurs
   • The statosphere
     • This layer is right above the troposphere it protect us from the sun.
   • Mesophere
     • This protects Earth from meteors.
   • The Thermosphere
     • In this layer it is being hit by the sun but does not heat because the particles are spread out.

4. Section4: Energy in the atmosphere

   • Energy from the sun
     • Visible light
       • These are color like the rainbow caused by wavelengths.
     • Non-visible
       • An example is radiation. It Travels heat.
   • Energy in the atmospher
     • Some of the sunlight is absorbed or reflected in the atmosphere
   • Energy on the Earth's surface
     • Gases are heald in the atmsphere creating the green house effect.

5. Section5:Heat transfer

   • Thermal energy tempeture
     • Meassures
       • Temperature is usually measured by a thermometor.
     • Tempature scales.
       • This is measured by degrees. Celsius or fahrenheit.
   • How heat is transferred
     • Radiation
       • Radiation is transferd by eletromagnetic waves.
       • Conduction
         • Is the transfer of a substance to another.
       • Covection
         • Particals that move from one place to another
       • Heating the troposphere
         • One of the ways is convection currents. Warm air rises and cold air sinks.

6. Section 6: Winds

   • What is wind?
     • Mesuring wind
       • Anemometers Tells were the wind is coming from.
     • Wind chill factor
       • When cold wind changes tempature.
   • Local winds
     • Sea breeze
       • This is when wind blows from the sea at daytime.
     • Land breeze
       • At night land blows wind toward the see.
   • Global winds
     • Global convection
       • This when air from the poles go to the equator
     • The coriolis effect
       • This is when Earth rotates it curves winds.
   • Global wind belts.
     • Doldrums
       • This makes an area heat by moving steadily and heating cool air.
       • Prevaling westerlies
         • These are mid latitude winds that blow from the sound and west.
         • Jet streams
           • These are high winds that blow at high speeds.
     • Horse latitudes
       • This is when air stops moving. A captain threw his horses of a boat because of there lack of movement and food supply.
       • Trad winds
         • This blowed away from and toward equators and helped sailors trade.
         • Polar eaterlies
           • This blows cold air. It mixes with other current making it hot and cold.