Levels of processing theory

Levels of processing theory

1. Craik and lockhart

   • Lasting memories are created by the processing you do rather than through maintenance rehearsal
     • Shallow
       • Analysis of physical structure
     • Phenomic
       • Analysis of sound
     • Deeper
       • Semantic processing (how it would fit into a sentence)
   • Memory is an automatic by-product of processing
   • The deeper you process something the more likely you are too remember it

2. Evaluation

   • Craik and Tulving
     • Participants remember more words that were deeply processed better than those more shallowly
     • Info that has more meaning is more memorable
   • Mandler
     • When people organise and categorise information this improves recall without any conscious effort
   • Distinctive information may mean better recall
   • There are many processes within the LTM
   • Can be applied to improving memory- everyday applications
   • Unclear which task requires shallow/deep processing
   • Morris
     • Effectiveness of processing depends on relevance of memory

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