Chapter 7: Memory

Chapter 7: Memory

1. ENCODING

   • How memories are formed
   • Attention: focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events We have to be selective in our attention and tune out many things around us in order to have a conversation, text someone, or listen to the lecture
   • 1. Structural encoding - shallow processing (e.g. word flashed on a screen and you may only recall if it was in capital letters or if it was a short word)
   • 2. Phonemic encoding - intermediate processing (saying word silently or aloud

2. STORAGE

   • Sensory memory: Capacity to preserve sensory information in its original form for ¼ of a second
   • Short-term memory (STM): Limited-capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to 20 seconds.
   • Long Term Memory: Unlimited capacity store that can hold information for days, weeks or years.

3. RETRIEVAL

   • 1. Ineffective Coding
   • 2. Decay
   • 3. Interference
   • Forgetting
   • 4. Retrieval Failure

4. Parts of the declarative memory : Semantic – general facts Episodic – personal facts and experiences