CHAPTER 4 Endodontic Instruments

CHAPTER 4 Endodontic Instruments

1. Classification

   • 1. Grossman's Classification
     • I. Diagnostic
       • Visual
       • Transillumination
       • Vitality test
       • Radiograph
     • II. Isolation III. Exploring IV. Extirpating V. Enlarging VI. Obturation VII. Miscellaneous
   • 2. ISO classification
     • Group I : Hand use Group II : Engine-driven FILE Group III : Engine-Driven DRILL Group IV : RC Points
   • 3. Based on location used
     • Basic ins. pack
     • Intracanal ins.

2. Basic ins. pack

   • 1. Burs 2. Endo-lock tweezer 3. Endo explorer 4. Spoon excavator 5. Plastic ins. 6. Endo ruler 7. File holder 8. Endo Syringe 9. Cotton roll / palatte 10. Mosquito hemostate

3. Intracanal ins.

   • 1. Exploring ins.
     • smooth broach
     • Endo explorer
   • 2. Extirpating ins.
     • barbed / nerve broach
     • reamers
     • Files
   • 3. Enlarging ins.
     • I. Hand-Driven ins.
       • A. Basic
         • K - Type Reamer
         • K -Type File
         • H - Type File
         • Standardization of Basic RC Ins.
           • Acc. to Ingle & Levine
             • 1. D1 (D0) : Diameter at the tip 2. D2 (D16) : Diameter at end of cutting blade 3. Blade length : 16mm 4. Difference in diameter at D16 and D0: 0.32mm 5. Taper : 0.02mm 6. Tip : pointed (acute angle) 75 +- 15 degree 7. Number: Diameter at D1 x 100 8. Increase in size : 2 unit, 5 unit & 10 unit
           • Acc. to ISO
             • of same ins
               • 1. Tip angle 2. Lenght of the blade 3. Taper 4. Size 5. Number
             • of diff. ins.
               • 1. Gradual increase in size 2. Color coding
       • B. Modified / Hybrid
     • II. Engine-Driven ins.
       • Classification of contra-angle handpiece
         • Acc. to type of motion
           • Rotary (full rotary)
             • f(x)
               • 1. Funnel out orifices 2. Widen coronal 2/3 3. Prepare post space
             • Used with
               • I. Gates-glidden drill
               • II. Peeso reamer
               • III. Orifice Opener
               • IV. Rotary Ni-Ti ins.
           • Non-rotary
             • 1. Reciprocating / quarter turn
               • makes 1/4 turn motion at 3000 rpm
             • 2. Vertical stroke + quarter turn
               • Driven by air / electricity
               • Vertical stroke motion ranging 0.3-1mm & 1/4 turn motion
             • 3. Sonic & ultrasonic
               • Def : Handpiece that move near / faster than speed of sound
               • Use Standard K-file or special brouch like ins.
               • Advantages: i. RC better debrided ii. Bacterial kill more readily iii. less Post-O pain iv. No bulky head obstruct vision
               • Disadvantages: i. Roughness produce if touch RC wall ii. No cutting action
         • Acc. to power supply
           • Air driven
           • Electrical driven
           • Portable engine (battery charged)
       • Disadv.
         • 1. Loss of tactile sensation 2. Ledge formation 3. Ins. separation

Images and files in the map