Solutions

Solutions

1. Solids dissolve in water to make a soultion

   • These solids are soluble
     • A solution is made from a solute (solid ) and a solvent (liquid)
       • When the solution is formed, the liquid is alway clear (transparent)

2. Soldis that do not dissolve are insoluble

   • When an insoluble solid is mixed with water, the water goes cloudy.
     • Sometimes the sold will sink to the bottom of the water

3. The Total mass of a solution equals the mass of solvent added tot he mass of solute

4. Water is most common solvent, it is easily available, cheap and dissolves a lot of different solutes

   • Other liquids can also be used as solvents. Solutes that are insoluble in water may dissolve in other solvents

5. If you keep adding a solvent, you will get to a point where no more will dissolve.

   • This turns into a saturated solution
     • More solid will dissolve if you add mor esolvent (e.g water) or increase the temperature

6. Filtering (Filtration)

   • Solid particles which do not dissolve from the liquid they are in
     • Examples - Tea leaves from a cup of tea, sand form a mixture of sand and water

7. Evaporation

   • Dissolved substances from a solution, boiling all the water away form a solution
     • Examples, salt form a salt solution

8. Distillation (Evaporaton followed by condensation)

   • The liquid from the dissolved solid in a solution or one liquid from a mixture of liquids
     • Exampels - Water from salt solution, alcohol from a mixture of alcohol and water

9. Chromatography

   • Individual colours from a mixture of colours
     • Examples - The colours found in ink, the food colouring found in fruit juice