Present

Present

1. Simple Present

   • We use present simple...
     • when something is generally or always true. Example: Two and two make four.
       • for a situation that we think is more or less permanent. Example: She works in a bank.
         • or habits or things that we do regularly.We often use adverbs of frequency. Example:I don't travel very often
           • for short actions that are happening now. This is often used with sports commentary, or in demonstrations. Example:He takes the ball, he runs down the wing, and he scores!
             • Future Uses
               • to talk about the future when we are discussing a timetable or a fixed plan. Example:School begins at nine tomorrow.
                 • to talk about the future after words like ' 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as'. Example: I won't go out until it stops raining.
                   • Conditional Uses
                     • We use the present simple in the first and the zero conditionals. Example:If it rains, we won't come.

2. Present Continuous

   • for things that are happening at the moment of speaking. Example:I'm working at the moment.
     • for other kinds of temporary situations, even if the action isn't happening at this moment. Example:I'm reading a really great book.
       • for temporary or new habits. We often use this with expressions like 'these days' or 'at the moment'. ExampleHe's eating a lot these days.
         • for habits that are not regular. n this case we usually use an adverb like 'always', 'forever' or 'constantly'. Example: Lucy's always smiling!
           • Future Uses
             • for definite future arrangements. Example: I'm leaving at three.
   • We use present continuous...

3. Present Perfect

   • We use present perfect...
     • Unfinished and finished actions. Usually we use it to say 'how long' and we need 'since' or 'for'. Example: I've worked here for six months.
       • Finished actions
         • We don't say when the experience happened. We often use the words 'ever' and 'never' here. Example: They have visited Paris three times.
           • With an unfinished time word. The period of time is still continuing. Example: I haven't seen her this month.
             • to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is still true or important now. Example: I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
               • to talk about something that happened recently, even if there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. Example: I've just seen Lucy.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

   • We use Present Perfects Continuous...
     • to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. Example: They have been talking for the last hour.
       • WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning. Example: Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

5. Conditionals

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