11192720
Description
Approaches and Methodologies in ESL
- Cognitive Approach
- Learner-centered focus on
explicit teaching of
learning strategies in
communicative ways
- CALLA Method
- Developmentally
appropriate
language
instruction
- Intentional focus on
CALP development in L1
and L2 as related to
content areas
- Focus on prior
knowledge
- Explicit instruction in the
following learning strategies:
---Metacognitive
----Cognitive
----Social/affective
- Developmentally
appropriate
language
instruction
- CALLA Method
- Learner-centered focus on
explicit teaching of
learning strategies in
communicative ways
- Grammatical Approach
- Teacher-centered emphasis
on the rules and structure of
target language
- Grammar-Translation
Method
- More emphasis
on
development
of reading,
writing, and
grammar
- Less emphasis
on oral
language
development
- Rules of
grammar are
taught
holistically
- More emphasis
on
development
of reading,
writing, and
grammar
- Direct Method
- Focus on total
immersion in
L2
- No use of L1
allowed in the
classroom
- Involves an
open-ended response
to materials the
teacher brings into
the classroom
- Focus on total
immersion in
L2
- Audiolingual Method
- Grammar
structures
are
carefully
sequenced
and taught
- Minimal use
of L1
- Emphasizes error
correction, drills,
and repetitive
practice
- Grammar
structures
are
carefully
sequenced
and taught
- Grammar-Translation
Method
- Teacher-centered emphasis
on the rules and structure of
target language
- Communicative Approach
- Student-centered
emphasis on
communication
and meaningful
acquisition of
knowledge
- Silent way
- Teacher
modeling/talk
- seldom content
based
- Reinforcement
through
repetition/signals
- Teacher
modeling/talk
- Natural Way
Method
- Minimal error
correction/production
- Acceptance
of students'
L1
- Stresses
Comprehensible
input
- Not necessarily
content-based
- Minimal error
correction/production
- Suggestopedia
- Emphasis on relaxed
physical setting
- Not necessarily
content-based
- Minimal error correction
- Use of L1 for
explanations
- Emphasis on relaxed
physical setting
- Intergrated
content-based
- Emphasizes
L2
development
- Subject area
integrated
into
thematic
units
- Focus on content
and language
integration
- Emphasizes
L2
development
- Sheltered
Instruction
Method
- Visuals, cooperative
learning, and guarded
vocabulary
- Grade-level
modified
curriculum
- scaffolded instruction
- Visuals, cooperative
learning, and guarded
vocabulary
- Silent way
- Student-centered
emphasis on
communication
and meaningful
acquisition of
knowledge
- Information taken from: Herrera, S. G.
(2011). Mastering ESL and bilingual
methods: differentiated instruction for
culturally and linguistically diverse
(CLD) students. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
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