optical fibres

optical fibres

1. what are optical fibres?

   • opticle fibres are verey thin long cylinders of glass or something plastic. light is fed into the cut end of the fibre. all the rays of light get totally internally reflected. no waves of energy gets lost through the walls of fibre. some are gradually absorbed. digital signals are numbers in binary code, that is a series of ones and zeros.

2. fibre optic broadband network

   • broadband is used as a relative term to indicate and carry capacity of data channel. in connection with the internet it has been used to market the improvements from the earlier telephones dial up connections
   • fibre optic broadband has replaced copper cables and gain in data speed and is higher. separated into bands each band are used to carry out separate channels.
   • fibre optic cables are made up of very thin strands of glass which laser light is beamed down at incredibly fast speed.

3. use of electromagnet waves in communication

   • speed of electromagnet waves in communication
     • light and all forms of electromagnet radiation, travel at the same time and speed through a vacuum. This is a physical constant value thwt is usually by the letter C. the light always travels through at a high speed and nothing has everf been observed traveling faster than light.
   • inverse square law of intensity of a wave
     • waves transfer energy and energy is a quantity that is always conserved. wave fonts propagating out from a point of a spherical source will themselves be spherical. as each wave front increases in area

4. applications of fibre optics in medicine

   • fibre optics are widely used in endoscopes, these are opticle instuments with long tubes that can be inserted into a body organ through an opening.
     • this allows a trained practioner to see inside a body organ eg upper oesophagus and stomach or the colon and intestines without undertaking surgery.
   • endocscopes are also used during keyhole surgery to guide the use of surgical instruments without remote handling which are often incorporated into the same tube system. light is piped in from a source outside the body using a small bundle of optic fibres