Mind map

Cardiovascular system

Daniel Muzza Spanish

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Heart
- Muscular organ
  - 1. Endocardium
    - Connective tissue and endothelium
  - 2. Myocardium
    - Major portion
  - 3. Pericardium
    - Serious membrane
- Parts
  - 4 atriums
    - Right/Left atriums, Right/Left Ventricles
  - 4 valves
    - Atrioventriculars
      - Tricuspid/Bicuspid
    - Semilunars
      - Aortic/Pulmonary
  - Septum
    - Separates Right/Left
  - Burkinje fib.
  - Papillary muscles
  - Chordeae tendinae
- Right Ventricle
  - Sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
- Left Ventricle
  - Sends oxygen-rich blood to the aorta and the system
- Whole blood cycle (pulmonary and Sytemic)
  - Pulmonary
    - Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
      - Right Atrium
        Tricuspid Valve
        Right Ventricle
        Pulmonary Valve
        Pulmonary trunk
        Right/Left Pulmonary Artery
        Arteriole
        Lungs (alveoli)
        Venule
        Pulmonary Vein
  - Systemic
    - Left Atrium
      - Bicuspid Valve
        Left Venticle
        Aortic Valve
        Aorta
        Aorta artery
        Arteriole
        Capillary
        Venule
        Vein
        Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
- Heartbeat
  - Whole cardiac cycle
  - Systole
    - Two atria contract simultaneously
      - Two ventricles contract
    - Systolic pressure
      - Pressure when contracting in the ventricles
  - Diastole
    - All of the chambers relax
    - Diastolic pressure
      - Pressure when relaxing in the ventricles
  - Sounds
    - Dup
      - Atrioventricular valves open
      - Semilunar valves closed
    - Lup
      - Atrioventricular Valves closed
      - Semilunar Valves open
    - Swishing
      - Leaky valve
  - Blood pressure
    - Systolic pressure over diastolic
      - Sphygmomanometer
- Intrinsic Control
  - Sinoatrial Node (SA)
    - Upper portion of the right atrium
    - Initiates heartbeat
      - Sends impulses to the rest of the heart
        Atria contracts
        Pacemaker
  - Atrioventricular Node (AV)
    - Right atrium wall
    - Receives SA's message
      - Sends impulses through the atrioventricular bundle
        The impulses arrive to the Purkinje fibers
        Ventricle contracts
- Extrinsic Control
  - Medulla Oblongata (Brain)
  - Influences the beat through the autonomic nervous system
    - Sympathetic division
      - Increases heart rate
    - Parasympathetic division
      - Decreases heart rate
Blood
- Plasma
  - Blood volume
  - In/organic substances dissolved in water
  - Plasma proteins
  - Functions
    - Blood clotting
    - Transport
    - Fight disease
- White Blood Cells
  - Fight infections,provide immunity
    - Nucleated, lack hemoglobin
      - 4,000 to 11,000 cells per mm3 of whole blood
- Red Blood Cells
  - 4-6 million per mm3 of whole blood
    - Biconcave disc, no nucleus
      - Lasts 120 days
        Destroyed in the liver
  - Lack
    - Anemia
  - Red Iron-containing pigment
- Platelets
  - Formed from fragmentation of large cells
    - 150,000 to 300,000 per mm3 of whole bood
      - Aids in blood clotting
- Functions
  - Transport
  - Regulatory
  - Protective
Blood Vessels
- Arteries
  - Away from the heart
    - Three layers
      - Inner
        Epithelium
      - Middle
        Smooth muscle
        Thickest
      - Outer
        Loose and fibrous connective tissue
- Veins
  - To the heart
    - Three layers
      - Epithelium
        Contains valves
        Prevent backflow of blood
      - Muscle (thinner)
      - Connective
  - Can expand and serve as reservoir
- Capillaries
  - Mix materials between tissues and vessels
    - Join aterioles with venules
      - Once-cell thick
        Networks
Electrocardiogram
- Recording of the electrical changes in the heart
- P
  - AT valves open
    - Dup
- S-T
  - Semilunar valves open
    - Lup
Vascular Pathways
- Pulmonary Circuit
  - Circulation of blood through the lungs
- Systemic Circuit
  - Circulation of blood through the rest of the body
Capillary Exhange
- Two forces that control movement
  - Blood pressure (hydrostatic)
    - Water, oxygen, glucose, and amino acids diffuse to tissues
      - Near arterioles
  - Osmotic pressure
    - CO2, water, and other wastes diffuse from tissues to blood
      - Near venules
Diseases
Coronary Arteries
- Outskirts of the heart
  - Supply blood for the heart muscle
Hepatic Portal System
- Blood travels from the intestines, to the liver, and to a vena cava

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Description: Mind Map on Cardiovascular system, created by Daniel Muzza on 23/03/2018.
Created by: Daniel Muzza
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Cardiovascular system

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