Mind map

MATTER

Cristina Alvarez Spanish

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MATTER

Matter is what forms the things we can touch and that occupy a space in the Universe.
Matter is made up of atoms that join and group together in molecules, to make the substances that we can find around us.
An ice cream is matter. Light and sound aren't composed of matter.

Subtances
- Pure
  - Made up of one single type of element or molecule.
  - Made up of one single type of element or molecule.
- Mixtures
  - Made up of two or more combined substances.
  - Types
    - Homogeneous
      - Different components cannot be distinguished by the eye.
    - Heterogeneous
      - Different components can be seen.
  - Separation
    - Filtration
      - Separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture by using filters.
    - Decantation
      - Separate the components of a heterogeneous mixture by using their different densities.
    - Magnetic separation
      - Separate the iron or steel components from a mixture.
    - Destillation
      - Separate the components of a liquid solution which have different boiling points.
    - Evaporation
      - Separate the components of a liquid solution.
States
- Solid
  - Has a defined volume and shape.
  - The shape can be moulded like plasticine.
  - Melting
    - Melting point
      - Temperature at which a substance changes state from a solid to a liquid.
- Liquid
  - Has a defined volume and a variable shape.
  - Liquids adapt to the shape of the container they are in.
  - solidification
  - Evaporation
    - Boiling point
      - Temperature at which a substance changes state from a liquid to a gas.
- Gas
  - Has a variable volume and shape.
  - Gases adapt both to the volume and the shape of the containers.
  - Condensation
Chemical changes/reactions
- Processes that change the nature of substances and convert them into others.
- Combustion
  - Makes a substance burn by rapid oxidation.
  - With oxygen a flame is created, which produces a lot of heat and causes a change in the substance.
- Oxidation
  - Makes one substance transform into another when in contact with oxygen.
- Fermentation
  - Converts certain organic substances into others, thanks to the action of a specific type of yeast, bacteria or fungus.
  - Types
    - Lactic acid fermentation
      - Used to produce dairy products such as yoghurt and cheese.
    - Alcoholic fermentation
      - Used to produce alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer and cava.
    - Other types of fermentation
      - Bread also undergoes fermentation and so does wine when you make vinegar.
Properties
- Specific
  - They vary from one subtance to another.
  - fichas matter
  - Thermal or electric insulation
    - Ability of a substance to prevent heat or electricity from passing through it.
  - Thermal or electric conductivity
    - Ability of a substance to conduct heat or electricity.
  - Colour, flavour and smell
    - Properties of substances that are perceptible by the senses.
  - Lightness
    - Ease with which a body can be lifted.
  - Impermeability
    - Substance's ability to prevent water from passing through it.
  - Transparency
    - Substance's ability to allow light to pass through it.
  - Tencity
    - Opposition a material has against breaking or becoming deformed.
  - Hardness
    - Resistance of a substance against being scratched by a material.
  - Density
    - Amount of mass that fits into a certain volume.
- General
  - All subtances have.
  - Volume
    - Space that matter occupies.
  - Mass
    - Amount of matter that a body has.