2. The ENLIGHTENMENT

2. The ENLIGHTENMENT

1. Movement that promoted knowledge, science and education to reform society

2. NO ANCIEN RÉGIME! YES NEW IDEAS!

3. Main princples

   • REASON
     • Only real source of knowledge
       • NO beliefs and dogma
   • LEARINING and TEACHING
     • Essential
     • They want to educate and 'enlighten' society
   • EQUALITY and LIBERTY
     • Key elements
       • Everyone - same legal rights and freedoms!

4. Political thinkers

   • MONTESQUIEU
     • Division of power
   • VOLTAIRE
     • Parliament
   • ROSSEAU
     • Popular sovereignty

5. ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM

   • New form of government, Europe, 18th century.
   • OBJECTIVE: absolute monarchy + Enlightenment ideas to improve life quality and modernise the country.
   • Examples
     • Carlos III of Spain
     • Frederick II the Great of Prussia
     • Joseph II of Austria
     • Catherine II the Great of Russia

6. SPANISH WAR OF SUCCESSION (1701-1714)

   • to become king of Spain.
   • Philip of Anjou
     • Official heir
       • France + the Crown of Castille
   • vs
   • Archduke Charles of Austria
     • Austria, Great Britain and the Crown of Aragón
   • The treaties of Uttrecht and Rastatt
     • Philip - king of Spain as Felipe V - Bourbon dinasty
     • Some Spain's territories to Austria. Gibraltar and Menorca - Great Britain.

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