Network Communication

Network Communication

1. Devices communicate via a network interface card (NIC) through a type of communication medium

   • Each computer in the network is assigned a unique address. This address allows data to be sent throughout the network
     • The address is a combination of a physical address in the computer's hardware and a node address distributed by network. One type of addressing is internet protocol (IP) addressing.
       • IP ADDRESS
         • Made of four octets of numbers
           • Numbers Range from 0 to 255
             • First set of numbers indicate the network class. The rest of the numbers tell other devices the exact location of the network,
       • When a message is sent the NIC reads the destination address to see if it matches the computer's address.
         • If it matches the message is delivered
         • If it doesn't match the message is ignored.

2. The network protocol is the set of rules the network follows in order to allow data to travel.

   • Data is sent in packets from one device to another
     • These packets contain data with additional Information. This may include the destination address, source address, sequence of the packets and errors in transmission.
       • Packet switching transfers data by breaking the data into multiple packets.
   • The protocol is delivered in multiple layers of communication known as protocol stacks.
     • The network model is typically explained using multiple layers of communication
       • Layer 4 is the transport layer
         • Controls the flow of data packets. Ensures they are sequenced correctly without any errors.
         • Layer 3 is the network layer
           • Breaks up data into frames and determines the correct path the frame needs to take to arrive at the correct destination
           • Layer 2 is the data link layer
             • Packages data in order to be sent to over the physical layer
             • Layer 1 is the physical layer
               • Contains networking media and components that can allow a signal to pass from end of a network to another. This layer allows bits of data to travel from one place to another.
               • Its important to remember this model allows different types of machines to connect and send data to each other
                 • This is only possible if these machines share the same low-level protocols so the data packets can be received and reconstructed.

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