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Unit 1- The Online World

1. Learning aim A online services and communication

   • Online Advertising
     • Google Ad sense is an example service that is part of a group of services known as PPC (pay per click) advertisement. This is mainly for content owners on the internet, they answer questions regarding the subject of there content and give them some embed html mark-up. Each time someone clicks on the advertisement google will pay the content owner a fraction of a penny.  Google employs a robust targeting system that allows the content owner to adjust many settings to maximise the number of people click on the advertisement. A benefit of a PPC advertisement is that it is mutually beneficial for every one involved. Besides web hosting costs; it’s a free way of earning money. It also promotes business’s that are advertising. Although if no people click on an advertisements it can be a waste of resources for the PPC provide and a waste of space o the content owners site.
     • Pay per click
     • Email Marketing
     • Banners
     • Benefits
     • Drawbacks
   • Ubiquitos computing
     • Ubiquitous computing means internet of objects, a predicted reality where every object is connected to the internet; fridges , cars houses elderly  people. You could use it to track elderly people if they try to run away and use it for your fridge to measure how much food you have. In the future it could be used to integrate every household object , you could potentially  never loose anything again. We would put internet access chips in every object it might also be useful to put a GPS chip in the object so we can have  knowledge of where it is .  
     • RFID
   • Online Documents
     • Benefits
       • The advantages of online software are that you can work collaboratively with people trying to achieve the same things as you, also you can access your work from anywhere there is a internet connection and from any device (pc, smartphone and tablet) also if you would like to share it with people with different operating systems you can , this is a disadvantage of standalone documentation
     • Drawbacks
       • . A disadvantage of online documents is that they are less secure that standalone documents; they can be hacked. Also you cannot access your documents when you are not connected to the internet.
     • How it works
     • Compressing
       • Some large files cannot be transferred easily, quickly and efficiently. A solution to this would be to make the file smaller. There are two types of algorithms that do this lossy and lossless , you loose data by using lossy algorithms but no useful data is lost using lossless algorithms remove statically redundant code e.g. an image with large areas the same colour can be simplified.
   • Cloud storage
     • Cloud computing is the name given to a group of online services that allow you to edit and create files on the internet, the difference between cloud computing  and cloud storage is that you can only store data using cloud storage .Cloud computing can be convenient because you can work on your work from any location and any device ,through  multiple operating systems. Cloud storage is very similar to cloud computing apart from a fundamental difference, it only provides storage thus less freedom and operating system diversity. Unfortunately there are some drawbacks to cloud computing and storage, one of the most prominent of witch is that it can be hacked, making it risky to store sensitive information. (Jenifer Lawrence) Also if you are without internet connection you will not be able to access your work

2. Learning Aim B components of the internet

   • Data exchange
     • Transmission methods
       • An internet connected device is needed to send digital signals over the internet. A microphone turns analogue sound into digital binary, in a microphone a small piece of plastic vibrates in a way witch is analogous to the vibrations in the air witch are mad by your voice box. Each time the plastic vibrates a circuit is completed each time and impulse goes through the completed circuit a 1 in binary code is recorded. A speaker does the inverse of this by an electromagnet being powered each time an electrical impulse in the form of binary goes though it attracts another magnet that makes the plastic vibrate in a way that is analogues to the binary code.
     • voip
       • Voice over intenet Protocool.
   • The internet
     • email
       • Emails are a way to send and receive messages, the users do not need to be online at the same time, this works because messages are stored on an email server. When a person signs in, the email server either ‘pushes’ the message to the user or the user requests a download of emails, either way the message is sent to the recipient. This system is known as a send and forward system. The address book is part of the email client (e.g. outlook, thunderbird, gmail) that contains a list of people and their email addresses; it may also include company name, phone numbers, address etc). Within the address book we can create groups; this enables us to send emails to a number of people without typing their address in each time. We can assign a group a name and when we put that name in the ‘to’ box (or cc/bcc) the email is sent to all the people in the group. An attachment is a file that you can send to another person; often the email server limits the size of the attachments to a few megabytes so email is not a great way to send large files/folders to other people. We can send emails to multiple recipients, you can either create a list in the address ‘to’ box or you can use the function cc (carbon copy). There is another function called BCC (blind carbon copy) this copies someone into the email but the other recipients cannot see who else it has been sent to. Email protocols There are 3 main email protocols, POP3, IMAP, SMTP. You should remember that a protocol is a set of rules that allow computers to send and receive emails in a certain way. SMTP – simple mail transfer protocol this is the internet standard of sending emails across IP networks in server-to-server transfers. It also allows users to send messages to the email server itself. POP3 – post office protocol v3, this is used to retrieve email from an email server over a TCP/IP connection. This is the most widely used protocol for email retrieval. Normally users download their emails to a local computer using POP3, by doing so the email is destroy from the email server. IMAP – internet mail access protocol, this is the other popular email retrieval protocol. Normally users work on the emails as they reside on the server, they do not download them to a local computer.
       • address book BCC CC CC etc
       • Benefits
       • Drawbacks
     • Internet Infastructure
       • Point of Presence (PoP)   On the Internet, a point-of-presence (POP) is an access point from one place to the rest of the Internet.   Network Access Point (NAP) in the United States, a network access point (NAP) is one of several major Internet interconnection points that serve to tie all the Internet access providers together so that, for example, an AT&T user in Portland, Oregon can reach the Web site of a Bell South customer in Miami, Florida.   Internet Protocol (IP) A protocol that routes packets over the internet , a packet is a small unit of data carried across a network. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) The protocol that allows transmission of data over tcp networks Packets and unpacks data. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) A protocol that allows transfers of files over two computers on a TCP based network    Internet Service Provider (ISP)  company that provides access to the Internet to subscriber-based customers.
       • Router
       • Client
       • Server
       • Internet Key terms
         • Server A piece of hardware that stores documents that other people can connect to. Client A piece of hardware that has the ability to take packets from a server. Router Connects networks together Connecting backbone A more direct route between big data centres
     • world wide web
       • HTML
       • URLS
       • Search engines
       • ISPS
       • Internet connection Methoods
         • Dialup
         • Broadband
           • Bandwidth and trnasmisson rate
   • Data Storage
     • Database Storage
     • DBMS
     • Relationships
     • Data Types
     • Online databases

3. Leaning Aim c issues with operating online

   • Preventive action
     • firewalls
     • Access levels
     • Anti virus software
     • Encryption
     • Backup and Recovery
   • identity Theft
   • Types of data threats
     • Opportunist Threats
       • Theft of information.
     • Phising
       • Theft of information like banking information by distribution   of false email
     • Accidental Damage
       • Damage to computing systems through water.
     • Viruses
       • Damages the software of a computing system. It also copies itself to infect other computers
     • Malware
       • Similar to virus but doesn’t copy and destitute itself 

4. Online Services

   • Communication
     • Email, messaging, video calling      Social networking e.g. Facebook, Skype Hotmail Socialising, fluid communication over large distances, cheaper   
     • Method of communication How we use this to communicate Implications of this Email By sending virtual letters in a more formal fashion.  Allows people who need to communicate in a formal way for free. VLE By posting work online for review by other students. More diverse learning experience- students can learn from each other. Podcasts Podcasters giving their point of view various topics. Gives podcasters freedom of speech, an ability to freely express their opinion. Social Networking We can communicate with a group of people of similar interests. To find and engage with people we previously would not be able to engage with. Blog Similar to podcasts Similar to podcasts Vlog Similar to podcasts Similar to podcasts Instant Messaging (BBM, iMessage etc) Free texting , provided an internet connection is available . Allows user to communicate instantaneity and in real time without having to wait for the recipient  to write and send a formal reply. Newsgroups Using news groups we can have people share in news about a common subject Eg. Inna scientific community reaches can quickly share dicovryds Social Media Social media discovers social networking and instant messaging Makes the world a smaller place
   • Entertainment
     • MMO games, Multiplayer games, radio and TV players, video/music streaming. Playing a game with other people on the internet. Enhances the gaming experience by allowing you to play against people you may not know.
   • Real Time
     • Timetables, news, sport updates, weather reports, travel news. Checking an airport website for estimates arrival times of flights. Provides up-to-date information when picking people up from an airport. Companies can use real-time information about customers’ reactions to an advertisement to improve the effectiveness of the advert.