Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

1. Classification

   • Number of hydrogen atom
     • monohaloalkane/arene
       • di-haloalkane, tri-haloalkane also ther monohaloalkanes are divided into 2
       • sp3 hybrid
         • single bonds on carbon attached to halogen
         • Alkyl Halides
           • R-X, form homologus compounds are Cn H2n+1X
           • Primary, secondary, tertiary
         • Allylic Halides
           • x-c-c=c, 2nd C is allylic carbon. it could be aliphatic or cyclic .
         • Benzylic Halides
           • an alkyl halide attached to a benzene ring. this also has primary, 2ary, 3tiary
       • sp2 hybrid
         • double bond on c attached to halogen
         • venylic halide
           • halogen attached to double bonded carbon of an aliphatic or cyclo alkane
         • Aryl Halide
           • X bonded to a C of aromatic ring

2. Nomenclature

   • n and iso. o,m,p, sym(metrical) in commom name br comes after propyl. in iupac br first then propane.
   • Alk-ylidene hal-ide
     • vicinal halide
   • Alk-ylene dihal-ide
     • germinal halide
   • pg 284
     • read the table!!!!!

3. Bond nature

   • polarized, carbon partial positive charge, halogen increases down the periodic table bond length increases, Bond enthalpy decreases decreases, dipole moment decreases all cuz F is more electronegative due to its small size
   • B.enthalpy, length, Dipole m.
   • size increase down the group

4. Method of preparation

   • From Alcohols
     • Cl- ZnCl2
     • Br- NaBr+H2So4.H