Chapter 7: IP Addressing

Chapter 7: IP Addressing

1. Allows data communication between hosts, regardless of whether they are on the same network or on different networks

   • IPv4 addresses
     • The binary system is a numerical system consisting of numbers 0 and 1
     • Notation of the position
       • a digit represents different values ​​according to the "position" that the digit occupies in the sequence of numbers
     • Converting binary system to decimal
       • dotted decimal equivalent, divide the IPv4 address into four 8-bit octets
     • Network and host portions
       • When determining the network portion compared to the host portion, the 32-bit sequence must be observed
       • bits within the network portion of the address must be identical for all devices that reside on the same network
     • The subnet mask
       • IPv4 address: unique IPv4 address of the host.
       • It is used to identify the network / host portion of the IPv4 address.
       • Identify the local gateway (that is, the IPv4 address of the local router interface) to reach remote networks.
     • AND lógico
       • the logical operation AND is the comparison of two bits that produce the results
     • Prefix length
       • The prefix length is the number of bits set to 1 in the subnet mask.
     • Network, host and broadcast addresses
       • network identifies a network portion and a host portion using the subnet mask or prefix length and the AND operation
     • Assigning a static IPv4 address to a host
       • IP addresses can be assigned to devices statically or dynamically
       • These devices are assigned IPv4 addresses dynamically with the DHCP protocol
     • IPv4 communication
       • Unicast
         • is the process of sending a packet from one host to another individual host
           • Unicast Transmission
             • Unicast communication is used for normal host-to-host communication, both in client / server networks and in point-to-point networks
             • host address
       • Diffusion
         • is the process of sending a packet from one host to all hosts on the network
           • Broadcast transmission
             • used to send packets to all hosts on the network with the broadcast address for the network
       • Multicast
         • it is the process of sending a packet from a host to a selected group of hosts, probably in different networks
           • Multicast transmission
             • Multicast transmission reduces traffic by allowing a host to send a single packet to a selected group of hosts that are subscribed to a multicast group
     • Public and private IPv4 addresses
       • Public IPv4 addresses are addresses that are routed globally between ISP routers
       • Home routers provide the same functionality
       • Private addresses are defined in RFC 1918.
     • IPv4 addresses of special users
       • Loopback addresses
         • they are special addresses that a host uses to direct traffic to itself
       • Local Link Addresses
         • known as automatic private IP addresses
       • TEST-NET addresses
         • These addresses are set aside for teaching and learning purposes, and can be used in documentation and network examples.
     • Addressing with old class
       • A class
         • designed to support extremely large networks, with more than 16 million host addresses
       • B clas
         • designed to meet the need for moderate to large-sized networks, with up to 65,000 host addresses
       • C class
         • designed to support small networks with a maximum of 254 hosts.

2. Coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6

   • Dual-stack
     • The dual-stack technique allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist in the same network segment
   • Tunelización
     • The tunnel protocol is a method of transporting an IPv6 packet in an IPv4 network.
   • Translation
     • allows IPv6 enabled devices to communicate with devices
   • Types of IPv6 addresses
     • Unicast
       • uniquely identifies an interface of an IPv6 enabled device
         • A packet sent to a unicast address is received by the interface assigned to that address.
       • Global unicast
         • These are globally exclusive routable Internet addresses
       • Link-local
         • They are used to communicate with other devices on the same local link
           • Allows a device to communicate with other devices with IPv6 enabled on the same link and only on that link (subnet).
     • Multicast
       • They are used to send a single IPv6 packet to several destinations.
         • Multicast Address Assigned
           • it is used to reach a group of devices that execute a common protocol or service
         • Multicast address of requested node
           • The packets that are sent to this group are received and processed by all IPv6 interfaces on the link or on the network
     • Proximity Diffusion
       • is any unicast IPv6 address that can be assigned to several devices.
   • IPv6 prefix length
     • IPv6 uses the prefix length to represent the prefix portion of the address
   • Dynamic configuration: SLAAC
     • It is a method that allows a device to obtain the prefix, prefix length, default gateway address and other information from an IPv6 router without using a DHCPv6 server
   • Proceso EUI-64
     • use a client's 48-bit Ethernet MAC address and enter another 16 bits in the middle of the MAC address
       • Unique Organization Identifier (OUI)
       • Device identifier
   • ICMP
     • Host confirmation
     • Destination or service inaccessible
     • Time exceeded
     • Route redirection