COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO LEARNING

COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO LEARNING

1. INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH

   • Encoding:The process by which information gets into memory
   • Automaticity:The ability to process information with little or no effort
   • Strategy construction: Creation of a new procedure for processing information

2. ATTENTION: Focusing on metal resources

   • Selective a: Focus on a experience that is relevant while ignoring others
   • Divided a: Concentrating on more than one activity at a time
   • Sustained a: Maintaining attention over an extended period of time
   • Executive a: Action planning, error detections or monitoring progress on tasks

3. MEMORY

   • Sensory m: Memory that holds information from the world in its original form for only an instant
   • Short-term m: A limited-capacity memory system in which information is retained at least 30 seg unless it is rehearsed, in which case can be retained longer. Working memory is related with this memory
   • Long-term m:Memory that holds enormous amounts of information for a long period of time including declarative memory, explicit ( episodic and semantic) and nondeclarative, implicit

4. METACOGNITION

   • Developmental changes
     • Metamemory
     • Theory of mind
   • The good information-processing approach
     • - Strategies - Motivation -Metacognition -Content knowledge
   • Strategies and metacognitive regulation

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