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Jap Grammar
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Jap Grammar
Particles
- は
- Topic marker -comes after the noun(topic) in a sentence p.a-46
- Ex) すずきさんは留学生です。
- の
- の is used is show the relationship between 2 nouns. -shows, possession,group membership,or location -the order goes from big to small p.a-53
- used to refer to thing mentioned immediately before -noun/adj.+の (pronoun) -means one/ones ちゃいろいの→brown one きれいの→pretty one スミスさんの→Mr.Smith's p.a-188
- も
- -means also or too -used to show similarities p.a-61
- を
- Direct object marker -DO is the object that receives the action -comes before the verb and directly after the object p.a-99
- へ
- indicates a direction toward which something/someone moves
- で
- indicates where an action/ event takes place -in, at, on p.a-101
- by means of with by p.a-190
- に
- indicates a goal, destination, point of arrival, contact, or -to, into, onto p.a-100 a point in time -in, at, on -only for specific point in time p.a-106
- よ
- I tell you You know p.a-155
- ね
- isn't it? right? correct? p.a-155
- Double particles
- は
Questions
- はい・いいえ
- ~は~ですか。 ~is~?
- Question words
- 何-what 何+suffix (何時・なねんせい) どこーwhereどちらーwhere (politer) -どちらからきました。 (for fom. sit) p.a-56
- Asking for locations
- ~はどこにありますか。(inanimate) ~はどこにいますか。(animate) p.a-142
- はい・いいえ
Forms
- てーform
- るーverbs
- Drop る and add て
- うーverbs
- う つ る → って む ぶ ぬ → んで く → いて ぐ → いで す → して する → して くる → きて いく → いって https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cj-P-nEPoe0
- uses
- るーverbs
- Verb Tenses
- Past
- Plain past -change to たーform (like て-form but changed to た) Polite ます→ました ません→ませんでした p.a-114
- Non-past
- Past
- Volitional
- Causative
- Imperative
- passive
- Conditioial
- Potential
- てーform
Adverbs
- Frequency
- いつも、たいてい、よく、時々、あまり、ぜんぜん -あまり・ぜんぜん end with the neg. verb form p.a-111
- Frequency
こ、そ、あ、ど
- これ、それ、あれ、どれ -used to refer to things (this, that, those) -nounp.a-136
- ここ、そこ、あそこ、どこ -used to refer to places -cant not be used for ppl unless they are in a pic -nounp.a-142
- この、その、あの、どの -can not be used by itself -can be used for ppl -adj.p.a-178
Adjectives
- Describing ppl and things
- adj./adv.+noun 大きい家 きれな家 neg くろい→くろくない ゆめいな→ゆめじゃないp.a-146
- Describing ppl/things and there location
- ~に~が あります・います。 そこにねこがいます。 p.a-151
- Describing ppl and things
Information
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- Mind Map on Jap Grammar, created by Hailey Bevier on 10/05/2020.
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- Hailey Bevier
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