Fundamental Ideas 1

Fundamental Ideas 1

1. Solids,Liquids and Gases

   • Solids
     • Particles
       • Fixed stucture
       • Same size
       • Tightly packed
       • Regular pattern
     • Movement of Particles
       • Rotate
       • Vibrate
       • Don't move around
   • Liquids
     • Particles
       • Mostly touching
       • Random arrangement
     • Movement of Particles
       • Slide over each other
   • Gases
     • Particles
       • Far apart
       • Random arrangement
     • Movement of Particles
       • Move freely in all directions
   • Changing States
     • Solid to liquid
       • Melting
     • Liquid to gas
       • Evaporating/ boiling
     • Gas to liquid
       • Condensing
     • Liquid to solid
       • Freezing
     • Gas to solid
       • Sublimination

2. What Are These "Particles"?

   • Atoms
   • Molecules
   • Ions
   • Electrons

3. Moving Particles

   • Dissolving
   • Diffusion
     • Particles spreading out

4. Atoms

   • • Mass number or relative atomic mass
       • How many particles in the nucleus (protons +) (neutrons o)
     • Atomic number or proton number
       • How many particles are protons
   • • Shells or "energy levels"
     • Nucleus in centre
     • Atoms are neutral so number of protons = number of electrons
     • First 3 shells are [2,8,8]
     • If 7 particles in the nucleus and 3 are protons, 7-3 = 4 neutrons
   • Isotopes
     • Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
     • Similar chemical properties
   • Relative Atomic Mass
     • Average mass of an atom of that element relative to 1/12 the mass of carbon

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