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Memory

1. Key Concepts

   • Information processing - the idea that information is processed through a number of stages
   • Input - the process of data entry
   • Encoding - The process in which data is changed into another format.
   • Storage - The process in which information is held, ready to be used at a later date.
   • Retrieval - The process in which information is located and taken out of storage.
   • Output - The process of using data after it has been retrieved

2. Accessibility problems

   • Problems associated with retrieving information in storage

3. Availability problems

   • Problems associated with information no longer being stored

4. Short term memory

   • The memory store that has limited capacity and limited duration, and where information becomes conscious

5. Long term memory

   • The memory store that has unlimited capacity and unlimited duration, and where information is permanently stored

6. Sensory Store

   • The store where all immediate information is briefly held unless it is paid attention to

7. Attention

   • A process that makes people aware of information in memory

8. Decay

   • This is the fading of information over time until it is forgotten

9. Capacity

   • This refers to the amount of space in the memory

10. Duration

    • This refers to how long information lasts in the memory

11. Displacement

    • A process in which information is ' shunted out' of storage by new information, and so becomes forgotten

12. Alternative Theory

    • Shallow processing
      • Only coding information based on its physical characteristics
    • Deep processing
      • Coding information for meaning

13. Maintenance rehearsal

    • A process hat basically involves repeating information so that it stays in storage, either temporarily or permanently

14. Multi Store Model

    • Crtiticisms
      • The model is too rigid and ignores individual differences
      • The model over-simplifies the STM and the LTM
      • The model over-emphasises the role of rehearsal

15. Terry