Programming Concepts

Programming Concepts

1. Object oriented programming- This uses classes which are templates to create an object and are filled with attributes and methods. An attribute is the data in a class and the methods are the functions and procedures in the class. For example if the class was to make a vehicle the fields would be size and colour and the methods would be accelerate and brake.

   • Instantiation is when you create an instance of the class that can be executed so make the object.
   • Encapsulation is when attributes are private or public. If they are public they can be set anywhere but private means only in the class or through an interface.
   • Inheritance is when a class inherits all of the methods and attributes of the parent class and can gain more. Inheritance diagrams show the parent at the top and descendants below it with arrows going up and the head of the arrow is a triangle it shows 'is a' relationship.
   • Polymorphism is when a class inherits the attributes and methods of a parent class but can define them in a different way or override.

2. Recursive procedure- This is a procedure that calls itself in its own definition. To do this a stack is needed to know what call to go back to. They need a base case as a way of stopping the recursion and going back layers. A weakness is that it can take up lots of memory.

3. A dynamic data type can adapt at real time whereas a static one is always the same size. Abstract is a theoretical model usually mathematical.

   • Stack- Is first-in-last out or last-in-first out and needs a pointer to the top of the stack. It requires two function pushing, adding to the stack and popping from the stack. Used for reversing ques and for reverse polish notation.