Migration in the past and present

Migration in the past and present

1. 1. Migration in the past

   • Mobility is a human’s characteristic. With the discovery of agriculture, the human groups were becoming sedentary. As the population grew, they needed new territories where to live. The biggest part of them was forcedly mobilized, not by factors of nature, but by the action of other human beings. Then, in 2000 years of human history, population mobility has been very important.

2. 2. Migration and modernity

   • In modernity, in the 16th century, millions of people left Europe to conquer, almost always by force, new territories in America, Africa and Oceania. With the development of commercial relations, around 10 million people from Africa were violently displaced and subjected to slavery by the colonial system, mainly in America.

3. 3. Globalization

   • SOCIAL STUDIES 10TH With globalization, conditions were created for countries to eliminate customs barriers and products and capitals circulate around the world without restrictions, supported by the development of the leading economy and knowledge economy. The migration of the business sector and highly qualified professionals from poor countries to First World countries was facilitated. To this mobility are added at least 740 million people who have permanently changed their residence within their countries.

4. 4. Migration in Latin American

   • The current population of Latin America is the result of several migrations that have taken place from the first settlements to the present. In the Aboriginal Era the great empires (among them: the Maya, the Aztec and the Inca), caused important forced migrations in their processes of expansion and conquest. The conquest of America was related to large migratory processes of people from Europe and Africa. Subsequently, significant groups from Japan, China and the Middle East have arrived to our continent. In general, people from all continents, countries and cultures have come, so Latin America is complexly diverse. It is a continent in movement which experiences internal, intraregional and international migration processes.

5. 5. Types of migration

   • To better understand migrations, their types must be established. In this regard, there are several criteria. If length of stay of people who move is taken into account, there are three types of migration: definitive migration, when those who left do not return to their place of habitual origin or residence; temporary migration, when the departure is for a certain period and stationary migration, when they move to a place by seasons. According to the places of destination, they are distinguished: internal migration when performed within from the same country and international migration when they happen from one country to another. Among these, cross-border migration occurs when displacements happen between border areas between countries. These are called people in a situation of refuge. From the legal point of view, there are: regular migrations, when people can meet all the requirements that a State requests so that people of other nationalities can enter; for example, visas, work per

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