SEMANTICS

SEMANTICS

1. Concept

   • Is the science that studies
     • the meanings of the word
       • In a lenguage and the changes in meaning they undergo
   • Synchronous semantics
     • It studies the groupings of words and their meanings at a given moment
   • Diachronic semantics
     • Study the meanings of words through time: the changes of meanings

2. The meaning of the words

   • Sema
     • it is the least significant unit that a word has
   • Sememe
     • The set of semes is called. It is expressed through the lexeme, which is a lexical unit
   • Semantic field
     • It is a set of words that share one or more features of their meaning but differ in others
       • They have common semes and different semes
   • Associative field
     • An associative field is produced when, when reading or hearing a word
       • Other words that have some relation with it come to our mind
   • Denotation
     • Is the objective meaning of words
   • Connotation
     • Consists of the subjective meanings

3. Meaning relationships between words

   • Monosemia
     • Are those whose signifier is associated with a single meaning
   • Polysemy
     • they are those that present several meanings for the same signifier
   • Homonymy
     • They are those that, being totally different in their meaning
   • Paronymy
     • Words similar to each other, although they are different words
   • Synonymy
     • Words that have the same meaning
   • Antonym
     • Words are those that have opposite meanings
   • Hyperonymy
     • Is given to a word whose meaning includes that of another or other words
   • Hyponymy
     • Is a word whose meaning is included in that of another, of a more general nature

4. Meaning changes between words

   • Transformations in meaning
     • Total change
     • Expansion of the meaning
     • Restriction of meaning
     • Figurative use
     • Mejoramiento o empeoramiento
   • Causes of semantic change
     • Linguistic causes
     • Historical causes
     • Psychological causes
     • Social causes