Reference and deixis

Reference and deixis

1. Reference is concerned with designating entities in the world by linguistic means.

2. Anaphoric reference

   • Is used where the uniqueness of reference of some phrase (the X) is supplied by information given earlier in the discourse
     • • REFERENCES: Sugiharto, S. (2004). Reference, Anaphora and Deixis: an overview. Jurnal Bahasa and Sastra. 4 (2), 134’145.
     • Direct anaphora
     • Indirect anaphora

3. Cataphora

   • A cataphora refers to an entity that is mentioned later in the discourse.

4. Deixis

   • Is the linguistic procedure by means of which a speaker relates an entity to the current speech situation .

5. Reference classification

   • Exophora
     • Some entity in the real world.
   • Endophora
     • Reference to text items by linguistic means.

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