UNIT 2: Going places

UNIT 2: Going places

1. GRAMMAR

   • Relative clauses (review)
     • Defining relative clause
       • We use a defining relative clause to identify an object (which/that), a person (who/that), a place (where) ora possession (whose).  Without this information, it's hard to know who or what we're talking about. Example: They were refugees who had arrived by boat.
     • non-defining relative clause
       • We use a non-defining relative clause to add extra information. We don't need this information to understand the sentence. We put commas around it. Example: Riace is in Calabria, which is a very pretty region of Italy.
   • Omitting relative clauses
     • Object
       • When the relative pronouns that/which/who are the object of a defining relative clause, they can be omitted. Example: You'll miss the friends who you used to hang out with.  Who is the object so it can be omitted.
     • Subject
       • If the relative pronouns that/which/who are the subject of the defining relative clause, they can't be omitted. Example: There's no country in the world that suits everybody. That is the subject so it can't be omitted.
   • Reduced relative clauses
     • When relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun + the auxiliary verb be, we can omit the relative pronoun + the verb be. Example: I'm a student living and studing in France. In this phrase we omitted the relative pronoun +verb be(who is)

2. VOCABULARY

   • Groups of people
     • pedestrians
       • (peatones) People who walk on a street are called pedestrians.
     • residents
       • (residentes) People who live in a certain place are the residents.
     • the crew
       • (la tripulacion) A group of people who work on a plane or ship are the crew.
     • the staff
       • (el personal) A group of people who work for an organisation are the staff.
     • employees
       • (empleados, trabajadores) People who are paid to work for other people are called employees.
     • employers
       • (empleador/jefe/empresa) Employers pay others to work for them.
     • the audience
       • (la audiencia o el público) People who watch a play/ film/ concert are the audience
     • immigrants
       • (inmigrantes) Immigrants are people who come to a different country to live there permanently.
     • motorists
       • (automovilistas) People who drives cars are called motorists.
     • politicians
       • (políticos) People who work in politics are called politicians.
     • refugees
       • (refugiados) Refugees are people who leave their own country because it's too difficult or dangerous to live there.
     • inhabitants
       • (habitantes) Inhabitants are people or animals that live in a specific place.
   • Phrasal verbs
     • put up with
       • (aguantar/soportar) It's not nice to hear people criticise you, but you have to put up with.
     • bring about
       • (provocar/ocasionar) Living abroad can bring about challenges and difficulties.
     • run into
       • (tropezarse con/ encontrarse con) I ran into some people who wanted to leave France.
     • turn into
       • (convertirse en) Living abroad is turning out to be a great experience for me.
     • hang out with
       • (juntarse con/ pasar tiempo con) Sometimes you miss the friends you used to hang out with.
     • pick up
       • (adquirir/ aprender) You have to pick up a lot of new vocabulary.
     • go throught
       • (pasar por/ sufrir) Being homesick is a phase that you have to go throught.
     • wear out
       • (agotar/cansar) Speaking another language all day wears me out.

3. FUNCTIONS

   • Expressing surprise
     • That's quite a distance!
       • (¡eso es una gran distancia!)
     • Unbelievable! Good heavens.
       • (¡increíble! Santo Cielo)
     • It's amazing, isn't it?
       • (es asombroso, ¿no?)
     • Wow. That's phenomenal.
       • (wow, eso es fenomenal)
     • That's incredible.
       • (eso es increíble)